將10g鋅放入93.7g未知溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的稀鹽酸中,當(dāng)反應(yīng)停止后,鋅有剩余,過濾后,稱量溶液的質(zhì)量比反應(yīng)前增加了6.3g.
試求:(1)反應(yīng)后溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù).
(2)剩余的鋅的質(zhì)量.
解:設(shè)反應(yīng)生成氯化鋅的質(zhì)量為y,參加反應(yīng)的鋅的質(zhì)量為x
Zn+2HCl=ZnCl
2+H
2↑ 溶液質(zhì)量增加
65 73 136 136-73=63
x y 6.3g
x=6.5g
y=13.6g
反應(yīng)后溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)=
=13.6%
剩余的鋅的質(zhì)量=10g-6.5g=3.5g
答::(1)反應(yīng)后溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為13.6%;(2)剩余的鋅的質(zhì)量為3.5g.
分析:反應(yīng)停止后,鋅有剩余,說明稀鹽酸已完全反應(yīng);
根據(jù)反應(yīng)后溶液質(zhì)量增加6.3g,可利用反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式由反應(yīng)前后HCl與氯化鋅的差量,利用差量法計算生成氯化鋅的質(zhì)量及參加反應(yīng)鋅的質(zhì)量;并且可由反應(yīng)前稀鹽酸的質(zhì)量與增加質(zhì)量和求得反應(yīng)后溶液的質(zhì)量,氯化鋅質(zhì)量與反應(yīng)后溶液質(zhì)量比可求得反應(yīng)后溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù).
點評:反應(yīng)前后溶液中溶質(zhì)由氯化氫變成氯化鋅,根據(jù)反應(yīng)中兩物質(zhì)相對分子質(zhì)量的差進(jìn)行計算,可使計算過程變得簡便.