某石灰石的樣品32g(其中含不溶于鹽酸的雜質(zhì))與200g某稀鹽酸恰好完全反應(yīng),生成13.2gCO2.求:(1)該稀鹽酸中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù);(2)該石灰石樣品中CaCO3的質(zhì)量分數(shù);(3)反應(yīng)后所得溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù).
分析:(1)求稀鹽酸中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù),需要知道稀鹽酸中溶質(zhì)HCl的質(zhì)量,根據(jù)反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式,由生成的二氧化碳的質(zhì)量計算消耗的HCl質(zhì)量;
(2)求樣品中CaCO3的質(zhì)量分數(shù),需要計算出CaCO3的質(zhì)量,根據(jù)反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式,由生成二氧化碳的質(zhì)量計算CaCO3的質(zhì)量;
(3)恰好完全反應(yīng),則所得溶液為氯化鈣溶液,求氯化鈣溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)需要計算溶液質(zhì)量和氯化鈣質(zhì)量.溶質(zhì)氯化鈣的質(zhì)量可根據(jù)反應(yīng)的化學(xué)方程式由生成的二氧化碳質(zhì)量計算得出,而溶液質(zhì)量可利用質(zhì)量守恒定律進行計算.
解答:解:設(shè)石灰石樣品中含CaCO
3的質(zhì)量為x,鹽酸中含HCl的質(zhì)量為y,反應(yīng)后生成CaCl
2的質(zhì)量為z
CaCO
3+2HCl=CaCl
2+H
2O+CO
2↑
100 73 111 44
x y z 13.2g
=
=
=
解之得 x=30g;y=21.9g;z=33.3g
稀鹽酸中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù)=
×100%=10.95%
樣品中CaCO
3的質(zhì)量分數(shù)=
×100%=93.8%.
反應(yīng)后所得溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù)=
×100%=15.4%
答:(1)稀鹽酸中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù)為10.95%;(2)石灰石樣品中CaCO
3的質(zhì)量分數(shù)為93.8%;(3)所得CaCl
2溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分數(shù)為15.4%.
點評:根據(jù)質(zhì)量守恒定律,反應(yīng)后所得溶液質(zhì)量=參加反應(yīng)碳酸鈣質(zhì)量+稀鹽酸質(zhì)量-放出氣體二氧化碳質(zhì)量.