We found our English teacher very interesting. Its structure is       .


  1. A.
    S+V+P
  2. B.
    S+V+DO+OC
  3. C.
    S+V+IO+DO
  4. D.
    S+V+DO
B
試題分析:英語(yǔ)中的五種基本句型結(jié)構(gòu):
句型1: Subject (主語(yǔ)) + Verb (謂語(yǔ))
這種句型中的動(dòng)詞大多是不及物動(dòng)詞,所謂不及物動(dòng)詞,就是這種動(dòng)詞后不可以直接接賓語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞如:work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。
句型2:Subject (主語(yǔ)) + Link. V(系動(dòng)詞) + Predicate(表語(yǔ))
這種句型主要用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)、身份等。其系動(dòng)詞一般可分為下列兩類:
(1)表示狀態(tài)。這樣的詞有:be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。
(2)表示變化。這類系動(dòng)詞有:become, turn, get, grow, go等。
句型3:Subject(主語(yǔ)) + Verb (謂語(yǔ)) + Object (賓語(yǔ))
這種句型中的動(dòng)詞一般為及物動(dòng)詞, 所謂及物動(dòng)詞,就是這種動(dòng)詞后可以直接接賓語(yǔ),其賓語(yǔ)通常由名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句等來(lái)充當(dāng)。注意:英語(yǔ)中的許多動(dòng)詞既是及物動(dòng)詞,又是不及物動(dòng)詞。
句型4: Subject(主語(yǔ))+Verb(謂語(yǔ))+ Indirect object(間接賓語(yǔ))+Direct object (直接賓語(yǔ))
這種句型中,直接賓語(yǔ)為主要賓語(yǔ),表示動(dòng)作是對(duì)誰(shuí)做的或?yàn)檎l(shuí)做的,在句中不可或缺,常常由表示“物”的名詞來(lái)充當(dāng);間接賓語(yǔ)也被稱之為第二賓語(yǔ),去掉之后,對(duì)整個(gè)句子的影響不大,多由指“人”的名詞或代詞承擔(dān)。引導(dǎo)這類雙賓語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有:buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。
句型5: Subject(主語(yǔ))+Verb (動(dòng)詞)+Object (賓語(yǔ))+Complement(補(bǔ)語(yǔ))
這種句型中的“賓語(yǔ) + 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)”統(tǒng)稱為“復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的主要作用或者是補(bǔ)充、說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)、身份等;或者表示讓賓語(yǔ)去完成的動(dòng)作等。擔(dān)任補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的常常是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式等。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。
注意:動(dòng)詞have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),不帶to。
考點(diǎn):基本句式結(jié)構(gòu)
點(diǎn)評(píng):英語(yǔ)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)就是五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。這些句子除了基本句型的成分不變外,通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語(yǔ)(modifier)而加以擴(kuò)大。這些修飾語(yǔ)可以是單詞(主要是形容詞、副詞和數(shù)詞),也可以是各種類型的短語(yǔ)(主要是介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)和分詞短語(yǔ))。
掌握這五種基本句型,是掌握各種英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。
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