Saving water is an important part of going green. As water becomes less and polluted more, conservation (保護) becomes more and more important. The less water you use, the less wastewater will end up in our rivers and lakes. Wasting water means that more water needs to be treated and cleaned, a process that requires quite a lot of energy.
As it is said above, cutting down on water usage is one of the most important things you can do for your local environment and the planet as a whole. That is why more green households are going blue: cutting down their water footprint by conserving and harvesting (收獲) water.
It may seem like a big concept, but going blue starts with small changes that everyone can make. Something as simple as turning off the tap while you brush your teeth can save a lot of water. Wash your fruits and vegetables in a bowl rather than under a tap to save even more. Make sure that the taps are fully turned off every time you step away from the sink or the shower — all those little drips can add up to a lot of water waste.
Another way of reducing your water footprint is reducing your dependence on the main water supply. Rainwater harvesting can meet a lot of your home’s water needs. Many of us already practice rainwater harvesting in a small way. Collecting water from your gutters (檐溝) is a great way to keep your garden green without running the sprinkler (灑水器).
【小題1】The underlined word “green” means ______ in this passage.

A．嫉妒

B．環(huán)保

C．未成熟的

D．健康的

【小題2】According to the passage, which is NOT the reason that people should save water?

A．Treating wastewater needs much energy.

B．The water on the earth is becoming less and less.

C．The water on the earth is becoming polluted more.

D．Rainwater harvesting can meet a lot of your home’s water needs.

【小題3】According to the passage, all of these can be used to save water except ______.

A．washing fruit and vegetables under a tap

B．using a bowl to wash your fruit and vegetables

C．making sure taps are fully turned off all the time

D．turning off the tap every time after brushing your teeth

【小題4】Which of the following is the best title of this passage?

A．Save Water by Turning off the Tap

B．How to Treat and Clean Wastewater

C．Keep Your Garden Green with Rainwater

D．Save Water Starting with Small Changes

【小題5】From the passage, we can know that_____.

A．we can get enough water by harvesting

B．most people pay no attention to saving water

C．we can practice rainwater harvesting in a small way

D．harvesting water is more necessary than conserving it

When you watch TV and play video games you make global(全球的) warming worse! It may seem hard to believe, but when electricity is made, so are greenhouse gases(溫室氣體). This means that every time you use electricity you help make global warming worse!
Cars are also making global warming worse. They burn fossil fuels(化石燃料) in their engines, and send lots of greenhouse gases into the air.
Global warming may be a big problem, but we can all help stop it. People can try to drive their cars less. Or even get ones that run on sunlight! You can also help. Let’s try one of these top ideas:
(1) Try to use less electricity. Turn off lights, your television, and your computer when you’ve stopped using them. To make electricity, fossil fuels are burned in big factories. But burning fossil fuels also makes greenhouse gases. You should also try to watch less TV.
(2) Plant trees. Not only is it a fun thing to do, but it is also a great way to lower the number of greenhouse gases in the air. Trees take carbon dioxide out of the air when they grow.
(3) Don’t throw away your rubbish, try to recycle it. If rubbish is not recycled, it is put in the ground. There it rots(腐爛) and makes a greenhouse gas called methane(甲烷).So try to recycle cans, bottles, plastic bags and newspapers. It’ll make you feel great! And it’ll help the Earth.
【小題1】If we _____, we may make global warming worse.

A．use less electricity	B．drive a car on sunlight
C．plant trees	D．throw away rubbish

【小題2】We may use more electricity by______.

A．turning off lights	B．shutting down computers
C．turning up CD players	D．turning off TV

【小題3】______ will make global warming worse.

A．Methane

B．Cans

C．Newspapers

D．Bottles

【小題4】Using less electricity does good to global warming because_______.

A．the less electricity is used, the more greenhouse gases are produced

B．the more electricity is used, the more greenhouse gases are produced

C．more electricity is used, less greenhouse gases are produced

D．less electricity is used, more greenhouse gases are produced

【小題5】Which is the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

A．Driving cars on sunlight helps to stop global warming.

B．When cars burn fossil fuels, they produce greenhouse gases.

C．When trees grow, they send carbon dioxide into the air.

D．By planting more trees, we can lower the number of greenhouse gases in the air.

Mobile phone has become a problem for middle schools. Some middle schools in Australia have banned(禁止) students from carrying mobile phones during school hours.
Mobile phone use among children has become a problem for the school this year. Several children have got mobile phones as Christmas gifts, teachers said mobile phone use is a distraction(娛樂) to students during school hours and it also gives teachers so much trouble in their classrooms. Teachers were also saying that sometimes students might use phone messages to cheat during exams.
She said some schools had tried to ban mobile phones. Some parents felt unhappy because they couldn’t get in touch with(與…聯(lián)系) their children.
Many teachers said students should not have mobile phones at school, but if there was a good reason, they could leave their phones at school office. They also said there were many reasons why the students should not have mobile phones at school: they were easy to lose and were a distraction from studies.
Many people say that they understand why parents would want their children to have phones, but they think schools should let the students know when they can use their mobile phones.
【小題1】Some middle schools in Australia have banned students from carrying mobile phones     .

A．because they are students	B．when they are free
C．when they are at school	D．because they are children

【小題2】We know from the passage that some children get mobile phones from   .

A．the makers and sellers	B．the passers-by and strangers
C．their parents and friends	D．some mobile phones users

【小題3】What does the underlined word cheat mean in the passage?     .

A．聊天

B．核對

C．查詢

D．作弊

【小題4】Some parents felt unhappy because they couldn’t          during school hours.
A. use their mobile phones                 B. leave their mobile phones at school office
D. help the teachers with their work            D. get in touch with their children
【小題5】The passage tells us that         .

A．students shouldn’t have mobile phones at school except for some special reasons.

B．it is impossible to ban students from using mobile phones at school

C．some parents felt unhappy because they couldn’t use their phones at school

D．parents should teach their children how to use mobile phones during school

When an animal helps another animal, it usually gets something valuable in return. For a long time, many scientists thought that only people could act generously just because it feels good.
However, a new study in Germany suggests that chimpanzees (黑猩猩)also do good things for no real reason. And so do children who are as young as 18 months of age. Maybe it is because humans and chimpanzees share an ancestor(祖先) about 6 million years ago.
People and chimpanzees appear to develop such features(特征) without any other training, says Warneken, a scientist in Germany. Warneken and his partners worked on adult chimpanzees that live on an island in the African country of Uganda. They also worked with 18-month-old children in Germany. The researchers performed three experiments on the adult chimpanzees and two experiments on the kids. In the first animal experiment，a person tried to reach his arm into a cage to get a stick，but he couldn’t reach it. A chimpanzee was in the cage，and it could reach the stick if it wanted to.
Thirty-six chimpanzees took part in this experiment one by one, and no chimpanzee saw what the other chimpanzees had done. Even though the animals hadn’t met the person before, they usually took the stick and gave it to the person. What’s more, they did this whether or not the person offered them bananas as a reward. In a similar experiment, 36 children acted in a similar way. They helped the person reach the stick, whether or not they were offered toys for their help.
Researchers did other experiments on chimpanzees and babies. No rewards were offered in either experiment. And still, both the chimpanzees and children went out of their way to help. Still, the new study is different from earlier findings. Researchers have found that chimpanzees don’t give rewards of food to other chimpanzees, even if it costs them nothing to be generous.
【小題1】Warneken and his partners worked with ________.

A．young chimpanzee that live on an island

B．18-month-old children who live in Germany

C．kids who are living with adult chimpanzees

D．a(chǎn)dult chimpanzees that live on the African mountain

【小題2】A new study in Germany suggests that ________.

A．people also share information for good reason

B．children know something at the age of 18 months

C．chimpanzees do good things for no real reason, too

D．humans should develop their abilities 6 million years ago

【小題3】 Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage？

A．Thirty-six chimpanzees joined in this experiment one by one

B．No chimpanzee saw what the other chimpanzees had done

C．The animals hadn’t met the person before the experiments

D．Chimpanzee gave the person the stick in order to get a reward

【小題4】From the passage we know that ________.

A．both chimpanzees and children can find their way to help others

B．chimpanzees will reward good food to other chimpanzees

C．children is more generous than chimpanzees in some ways

D．both chimpanzees and children can do the difficult experiments

A person has been badly injured in a car accident. It is necessary to give him a transfusion (輸血) because he has lost much blood in the accident. However, special care must be taken in selecting new blood for him. If the blood is too different from his own, the transfusion can kill him.
There are four basic blood groups: A, B, AB and O. A single test can tell us a person’s blood group. Everybody is born with one of these four blood groups. People’s blood group, like hair colour, is inherited (繼承) from parents.
Because the substances contained in each group are different, transfusion must be given carefully. Basically, A and B cannot be mixed. A and B cannot receive AB, but AB may receive A or B. O can be given to any other group, so it is often called the universal donor. On the contrary, AB is sometimes called the universal recipient (接受者). However, before being given the transfusion, patients usually receive only salt or plasma (血漿) until their blood can be matched as exactly as possible. In this way, it is possible to avoid any bad results of the transfusion.
There is a relationship between our blood groups and our nationalities. Among the Europeans, about 42 percent are blood group A while 45 percent are blood group O. The rarest is blood group AB. However, some American Indian groups are nearly 100 percent blood group O.
【小題1】Which of the following shows the correct relationship in blood transfusion? (→ =" giving" blood to)

【小題2】Usually, before being given a transfusion, ________.

A．a(chǎn) person needs to receive salt or plasma first

B．a(chǎn) person needs to have a good rest

C．a(chǎn) person needs to have a lot of food and water

D．a(chǎn) person needs to find the person with the same blood group as him

【小題3】The third most common blood type among the Europeans is _______.

A．A

B．B

C．AB

D．O

【小題4】Which is NOT right according to the passage?
A. A person’s blood group depends on his parents.
B. There is only one kind of blood group in a person’s body.
C. About 13 percent of the Europeans have blood group AB.
D. Most of American Indians can be universal blood donors.
【小題5】Which is the best title for the passage?  

A．Blood transfusion	B．Blood groups
C．Car accidents	D．Blood group and nationalities

Look at the center circles of Diagram (圖) A and Diagram B.  Which of the centre circles looks larger? 
Take a first look and you probably think that the centre circle in Diagram A is smaller than that in Diagram B. In fact , they are exactly the same size.
Then look at the picture on the right. What do you see? A vase ? Or two faces? Does the picture change quickly from one to the other again and again? Maybe or maybe not, but you can never see them at the same time. 
"What's happening? Is something wrong with my eyes?" You may wonder at what you see. Don't worry. Here is how it goes:
When we look at things, our eyes send messages to our brains and then our brains interpret (解讀) the information. However, sometimes our brains interpret the received information in a wrong way. It seems that our eyes are playing a joke on us. This often happens and we call it "Visual illusion" (視覺錯誤). 
Movie makers often make use of illusions. They make the objects around actors much smaller or bigger than usual. This makes us believe that the actors are much larger or smaller than they usually are. The movies Jurassic Park and Honey I shrunk the kids just make use of illusions.
【小題1】The centre circle in Diagram A looks smaller than that in Diagram B. That's because           .
A. something is wrong with our eyes
B. the two circles are not the same size
C. our brains interpret the information in a wrong way
D. the two pictures change quickly from one to the other
【小題2】What's the right order according to the passage?
a. We look at things with our eyes.              b. Our brains interpret the messages.
c. Our brains tell us what we have seen.      d. Our eyes send messages to our brains.

A．a(chǎn)dbc

B．cabd

C．a(chǎn)cdb

D．bcad

【小題3】Movie makers make use of visual illusions to            .

A．help the actors look better

B．make the actors much braver

C．help the actors become stronger

D．make the actors seem different in size

【小題4】In the picture on the right, it seems that Line AB is shorter than Line CD, but in fact Line AB is as long as Line CD. Which paragraph can explain what has happened to our eyes?___________
   
A.The second one.
B.The third one.
C.The fifth one.
D.The sixth one.
【小題5】The text is probably taken from            .

A．a(chǎn)n advertisement

B．a(chǎn) science book

C．a(chǎn) movie magazine

D．a(chǎn) story book

A kind of little cars may some day take the place of today’s cars. If everyone drives such cars in the future，there will be less pollution from the cars. There will also be more space for parking cars in cities，and the streets will be less crowded. Three such cars can park in the space now needed for one car of the usual size.
The little cars will cost much less to own and to drive. Driving will be safer，too，as these little cars can go only 65 kilometers an hour. The cars of the future will be fine for getting around a city，but they will not be useful for long trips. Little cars will go 450 kilometers before needing to stop for more gas(汽油).
If big cars are still used along with the small ones，two sets of roads will be needed in the future. Some roads will be used for the big，quick cars and other roads will be needed for the slower，smaller ones.
【小題1】There is much pollution from the cars today because________.

A．people drive big cars	B．the cars go 65 kilometers an hour
C．people drive small cars	D．the cars can go 450 kilometers an hour

【小題2】The usual size of cars today are________that of future cars.

A．smaller than

B．the same as

C．three times as large as

D．a(chǎn) little larger than

【小題3】We can learn from the passage that________.

A．big cars cost less to own and to drive

B．the cars of the future will be much smaller than today’s cars

C．big cars are not useful for long trips

D．small cars are faster than big ones

【小題4】The street will be less crowded in the future because________.

A．there will be fewer cars	B．there will be fewer people in the street
C．driving future cars will be safe	D．future cars will be much smaller

【小題5】Two sets of roads may be needed in the future because________.

A．there will be too many cars in the future

B．more and more people will get around a city

C．big cars will be used along with the small ones

D．it looks more beautiful to have two sets of roads

Air is all around us. It is around us as we talk and play. From the moment we were born, We are surrounded(圍繞)by air. When we sit down, it is around us. When we go to bed, air is also around us. Wherever we are on the earth, We are surrounded by air. We live in air.
All living things need air, living things can’t live without air. We can go without food or water for a few days, but we can’t live for more than a few minutes without air. We breathe(呼吸)in air. When we are working or running, We need more air. So we breathe faster than usual. When we are asleep, We need less air.
【小題1】From the text, we know that on the earth _____

A．there is air everywhere

B．some animals don’t need air

C．plants need more air

D．for a long time people don’t need air

【小題2】The writer tells us that _____

A．there is less air on the earth than on the moon

B．the earth is covered with air

C．the earth is covered with water

D．there is no air on the earth

【小題3】Which is the first important thing for people’s lives?

A．Water

B．Air

C．Food

D．Sunlight

【小題4】Which of the following things needs air?

A．Land

B．A mirror

C．A cat

D．A river

【小題5】A man needs more air when he _____

A．dies

B．runs fast

C．takes a rest

D．sleeps

Water can be a liquid, a solid or a gas. When it is a solid, it can be as hard as stone. When it is a liquid, it can run through your fingers. When it is a gas, you may not see or feel it.
Water can change from a solid to a liquid or to a gas easily. This is why we always have fresh water. Now let us find out how it does. The heat of the sun turns liquid water into gas from the oceans, seas, rivers and lakes. The heat also turns liquid water into gas from the ground, the plants and the animals. Water in the gas rises and turns into clouds in the air.
When the clouds come near a mountain, they rise high. As the clouds rise, they get cooler. The higher they rise, the cooler they become. Then more and more water gas turn into water drops. In this way, the drops of water in the clouds get bigger and bigger. Then they fall to the earth as rain.
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案
【小題1】What is the solid of water?

A．Rain

B．Gas

C．Stone

D．Ice

【小題2】When the water is a _____, we may not see or feel it.

A．liquid

B．soild

C．gas

D．snow

【小題3】The water in the oceans turns into clouds because _____ 

A．the wind	B．the heat of the sun
C．the mountain	D．the earth

【小題4】According to the passage, it rains most over the_____     

A．seas

B．oceans

C．mountains

D．farms

【小題5】The higher you go up the mountain, _____you will feel.

A．the cooler

B．the hotter

C．the heavier

D．the bigger

BEING an astronaut sounds cool, doesn't it? In space, they get to do some pretty amazing things, like floating in zero gravity(重力).
However, there are also plenty of things that astronauts can't do because of their weightless environment, and that's very sad. What's worse, they can't even let their sadness show, because it's impossible to cry in zero gravity.
Of course, astronauts can still produce tears. But crying is much more difficult in space, according to The Atlantic(大西洋月刊) in January. Without gravity, tears don't flow(流動) down out of the eyes like they do here on Earth. This means that when you cry in space, your tears have nowhere to go-they just stick(粘) to your eyes.
In May 2011, astronaut Andrew Feustel experienced this during one of his spacewalks. "Tears," he said, "don't fall off of your eyes...They just kind of stay there."
Besides making your vision(視線)unclear, this can also cause physical pain. Back on Earth, tears are supposed to bring comfort to the eyes. But that's not the case in space. The space environment dries out astronauts' eyes, and when tears suddenly wet the eyes, it can cause pain rather than comfort. "My right eye is stinging(刺痛) like crazy," Feustel told his teammate during the walk.
Since gravity doesn't work in space, astronauts need some extra help to get rid of（除去） the tears. Feustel chose to rub his eyes against his helmet to wipe(擦) the tears away. Another choice is to just wait-"When the tears get big enough they simply break free of the eyes and float around," astronaut Ron Parise told The Atlantic.
There are lots of small things-things like crying-that we are so used to on Earth. We usually take them for granted until they become a problem in a totally different environment, like space.  There, astronauts can't talk to each other directly. They also can't eat or drink in normal ways. They can't even burp (打嗝), because there is no gravity to hold the food down in their stomach. If they do burp, they just end up throwing up（嘔吐）everything in their stomach, according to the UK National Space Center.
Therefore, perhaps it's only space explorers who can honestly say: "Gravity, you're the best."
【小題1】From Paragraphs 2 and 3 , we can know that_______.

A．a(chǎn)stronauts are unable to feel sad in space

B．a(chǎn)stronauts produce fewer tears in space

C．tears produced in space flow down more slowly

D．tears produced in space don't flow downward

【小題2】What effect do tears have on astronauts?

A．They cause physical pain.

B．They bring comfort to them.

C．They make their vision clearer.

D．They float around and cause trouble.

【小題3】The underlined phrase "take them for granted" in paragraph 7 means _______.

A．find them important

B．consider them useless

C．need them during an emergency

D．fail to notice their presence(存在)

【小題4】The second-to-last paragraph (paragraph 7) is mainly about_______.

A．suggestions of how astronauts can stay comfortable in space

B．other basic things that are difficult to do in space

C．why burping is impossible in space

D．things human can't do without gravity