據(jù)此完成下列各題。

【1】鳥(niǎo)糞對(duì)北極地區(qū)氣溫的影響主要環(huán)節(jié)是

A. ①增強(qiáng)B. ②增強(qiáng)C. ③增強(qiáng)D. ④增強(qiáng)

【2】該影響最明顯的季節(jié)是

A. 春季B. 夏季C. 秋季D. 冬季

【1】甲地晴夜多的原因是

A. 常年受副高控制 B. 地處西南風(fēng)背風(fēng)坡

C. 白天多上升氣流 D. 夜晚多下沉氣流

【2】該光學(xué)天外臺(tái)最佳的觀測(cè)季節(jié)是

A. 春季 B. 夏季 C. 秋季 D. 冬季

【題目】

It could be said that the age of adventure peaked with Sir Everest Shackleton the moment his ship, the Endurance, become hopelessly locked in ice on its way to Antarctica in January 1915. For ten months the 28 men aboard Shackleton’s ship waited and prayed for ice to break. When it finally did, the Endurance sank, leaving the crew homeless and adrift on a sea of ice in one of the world’s most dangerous environments.

In January 2000 a luxury ocean liner found itself similarly trapped in the cold waters off Antarctica. Argentine authorities sent off an icebreaker straight away from the nearest naval base, and in 24 hours, all 176 passengers and crew were free. The tour company’s spokesperson spun the potential disaster as a value-added reward in extreme travel. “The people on board are looking at this as sort of a great adventure,” she said.

Ever since Jon Krakauer’s book Into Thin Air made Everest a household name, the subculture of adventure has blown up like a Himalayan avalanche(雪崩) into public consciousness. Magazines promise “extreme” content, television, offers adventure programs, and the growing collective fascination with adventure has produced a flow of published accounts about the world’s greatest adventurous journey. Nowadays more and more people are interested in adventure and this mass appeal makes good business sense. Today the only thing blocking a would-be adventurer’s passage to Antarctica is the cost---- which typically runs well over $10,000.

Despite very different implications, adventure was just as popular in Shackleton’s time. He has little trouble filling the Endurance----5,000 men are said to have responded to his recruitment(招募) notice: “Men wanted for risky journey. Small wages. Bitter cold. Long months of complete darkness. Constant danger. Safe return doubtful.”

After five months drifting on ice, the crew were forced to take to their lifeboats to Elephant Island. Reaching the wasteland, Shackleton went on with one lifeboat and five of his best men 1,300 kilometers across the bone-chilly Scotia Sea to South Georgia Island. Shivering with cold, dressed in rags, Shackleton marched into a whaling station and set about organizing a rescue expedition to Elephant Island. Almost two years after becoming shipwrecked on ice, Shackleton picked up his crew. “Not a life lost, and we have been through hell,” he remarked earnestly.

【1】We can learn from the first sentence of this passage that _______.

A. the age of adventure began with the ship Endurance trapped in ice

B. Shackleton’s adventure marked the highest point of pure exploration

C. the age of adventure ended with the ship Endurance trapped in ice

D. Shackleton’s adventure predicted that the golden age of exploration was approaching

【2】The word “spun” in the second paragraph can be replaced by “_______”.

A. summed up B. judged C. boasted about D. referred to

【3】Since Jon Krakauer’s book was published _______.

A. the media have got interested in the topic of adventure

B. the costs of extreme travel have gone up

C. Everest has got its name known to Europe

D. people have got fascinated by Himalayan avalanches

【4】The adventure in Shackleton’s time has different implications from today’s in that _______.

A. Shackleton’s adventure lasted longer then any other adventure nowadays

B. no one was missing during Shackleton’s adventure

C. Shackleton’s adventure was entirely for the sake of adventure

D. Shackleton enrolled volunteers more easily

完成下列各題

【1】與陸路運(yùn)輸相比，越瓷西南方向貿(mào)易選擇海運(yùn)方式可 （ ）

①縮短路程 ②增加運(yùn)量 ③減少貨物破損 ④增強(qiáng)貿(mào)易靈活性

A. ①②B. ①③C. ②④D. ③④

【2】在輸出越瓷的貿(mào)易航程中，船上的人可能會(huì)在 （ ）

A. 甲處夜觀北極星定向B. 乙處借船右后方風(fēng)作動(dòng)力

C. 丙處河水的暴漲D. 丁處看到大片草地

烏裕爾河原為嫩江的支流。受嫩江西移、泥沙沉積等影響，烏裕爾河下游排水受阻，成為內(nèi)流河。河水泛濫，最終形成面積相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的扎龍濕地（圖10）。扎龍濕地面積廣大，積水較淺。

（1）河流排水受阻常形成堰塞湖，烏裕爾河排水受阻卻形成沼澤濕地。據(jù)此推測(cè)扎龍濕地的地貌、氣候特點(diǎn)。

（2）分析從烏裕爾河成為內(nèi)流河至扎龍濕地面積穩(wěn)定，烏裕爾河流域降水量、蒸發(fā)量數(shù)量關(guān)系的變化。

（3）指出未來(lái)扎龍濕地水中含鹽量的變化，并說(shuō)明原因。

（4）有人建議，通過(guò)工程措施恢復(fù)烏裕爾河為外流河。你是否同意，并說(shuō)明理由。

材料一：蘇北黃河故道沿線地區(qū)年積溫為3500℃—8000℃，年日照時(shí)數(shù)2230—2460小時(shí)，無(wú)霜期216—222天，多年平均降水量930mm，夏季降水量占全年雨量的60—70%。黃河故道沿線地區(qū)尚有316萬(wàn)畝土地可開(kāi)發(fā)，大多由泥沙堆積而成，含鹽堿量較高，土壤保水肥能力差。江蘇黃河故道沿線地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)薄弱。為發(fā)展該地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)，振興蘇北，江蘇省制定了《江蘇省黃河故道農(nóng)業(yè)綜合開(kāi)發(fā)和農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展規(guī)劃（2012～2020年）》。

材料二：下圖為江蘇省2017年江蘇省部分重大實(shí)施項(xiàng)目分布示意圖（創(chuàng)新載體項(xiàng)目包括研發(fā)平臺(tái)和科創(chuàng)園區(qū)）及江蘇省鐵路分布圖。

（1）圖示江蘇省重大創(chuàng)新載體項(xiàng)目的分布特點(diǎn)是_________ ，其主要影響因素是_________ 、_________ 。

（2）評(píng)價(jià)蘇北黃河故道沿線地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)綜合開(kāi)發(fā)的條件。_____

（3）關(guān)于蘇北黃河故道農(nóng)業(yè)綜合開(kāi)發(fā)措施的敘述，正確的有______

A．全面開(kāi)墾土地，打造商品糧基地 B．加大農(nóng)田水利設(shè)施建設(shè)力度，改善生產(chǎn)條件

C．全部植樹(shù)造林，打造綠色走廊 D．因地制宜，進(jìn)行林農(nóng)、果農(nóng)、林牧、林漁經(jīng)營(yíng)

（4）江蘇規(guī)劃建設(shè)的鐵路分布特點(diǎn)是 ， ，其建成后對(duì)江蘇省的發(fā)展的重要意義是 。

（1）圖中A、B、C、D四個(gè)氣壓中心，屬于高壓的是________________________________。

（2）從圖中信息可以判斷：此時(shí)北美洲處于________季，判斷理由_______________________。

（3）位于美國(guó)西海岸的舊金山此時(shí)吹_____風(fēng)，位于美國(guó)東海岸的紐約此時(shí)吹______風(fēng)。（填風(fēng)向）

（4）位于北美東部的鋒面系統(tǒng)快速向東移動(dòng)，在未來(lái)1—2天內(nèi)，請(qǐng)你從氣溫、氣壓、降水和風(fēng)等方面預(yù)測(cè)紐約的天氣變化。

武安市位于河北省西南部、太行山東麓,是邯鄲市唯一的縣級(jí)市,鋼鐵、煤炭等工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)。武安采礦業(yè)和煉鐵業(yè)已有2 000多年的歷史,20世紀(jì)80年代成為全國(guó)有名的“鋼鐵大縣”和邯鄲市“產(chǎn)能大縣”,擁有數(shù)十家鋼鐵企業(yè),進(jìn)入21世紀(jì),武安鋼鐵產(chǎn)能嚴(yán)重過(guò)剩,產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)失衡,污染問(wèn)題日益突出,鐵礦、煤炭枯竭,經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速走向衰落。高耗能、高排放、高污染已成為武安的“新形象”。下圖示意武安市在河北的地理位置與范圍及該地的全年風(fēng)向頻率圖。

(1)說(shuō)明20世紀(jì)80年代武安市發(fā)展鋼鐵工業(yè)的主要區(qū)位優(yōu)勢(shì)。

(2)試推測(cè)武安市的大氣污染程度的季節(jié)變化特點(diǎn)并說(shuō)明理由。

(3)分析武安市近年來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速走向衰落的主要原因。

(4)請(qǐng)為武安市今后的可持續(xù)發(fā)展提出切實(shí)可行的建議。

材料一　粵港澳大灣區(qū)是指由香港、澳門兩個(gè)特別行政區(qū)和廣東省的廣州、深圳、珠海、佛山、中山、東莞、肇慶、江門、惠州等九市組成的城市群(如圖所示)。

材料二 港珠澳大橋是連接香港、珠海、澳門的超大型跨海通道，全長(zhǎng)55公里，建成后將成為世界最長(zhǎng)的跨海大橋。港珠澳大橋沉管隧道是全球最長(zhǎng)的公路沉管隧道和全球唯一的深埋沉管隧道，生產(chǎn)和安裝技術(shù)有一系列創(chuàng)新，為世界海底隧道工程技術(shù)提供了獨(dú)特的樣本和寶貴的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。如圖。2018年10月23日，,正式開(kāi)通；大橋于同年10月24日上午9時(shí)正式通車，駕車從香港到珠海、澳門僅需45分鐘。

材料三　灣區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展形態(tài)演變一般經(jīng)歷港口經(jīng)濟(jì)、工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)、服務(wù)經(jīng)濟(jì)和創(chuàng)新經(jīng)濟(jì)四個(gè)階段(如圖所示)。2016年，東京灣區(qū)服務(wù)業(yè)占比達(dá)82．3%，舊金山灣區(qū)為82．8%，紐約灣區(qū)為89．4%。而我國(guó)粵港澳大灣區(qū)九市的服務(wù)業(yè)占比為56．1%，其中香港和澳門分別為92．2%和93．4%。

材料四　下圖分別為舊金山灣區(qū)地圖及舊金山灣區(qū)人口數(shù)據(jù)變化情況圖。

(1)簡(jiǎn)述粵港澳大灣區(qū)的區(qū)位特點(diǎn)。

(2)從灣區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展形態(tài)演變的過(guò)程看，目前粵港澳大灣區(qū)正向________階段發(fā)展，產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展中存在的主要問(wèn)題有___________________________________________________________。

(3)舊金山灣區(qū)人口數(shù)量的結(jié)構(gòu)變化，對(duì)我國(guó)大灣區(qū)發(fā)展有何啟示？

(4) 港珠澳大橋中部建設(shè)成海底隧道，主要是為了（ ）

A．便于大型輪船通行 B．縮短通行距離 C．使大橋更加壯觀 D．減小施工難度

(5)從城市體系的角度，分析粵港澳大灣區(qū)城市建設(shè)中需要注意的問(wèn)題。