(1)證明:由已知得,S
n =a
1C
n0+a
2C
n1+a
3C
n2+…+a
n+1C
nn=(1+1)C
n0+(2+1)C
n1+(2
2+1)C
n2+…+(2
n)C
nn
=(C
n0+2C
n1+2
2C
n2+…+2
nC
nn)+(C
n0+C
n1+C
n2+…+C
nn)=(1+2)
n+2
n=3
n+2
n.
當(dāng)n為偶數(shù)時(shí),設(shè)n=2k,k∈z
+,則S
n-2
n-4n-1=3
n -4n-1=9
k-8k-1.
當(dāng)k=1時(shí),9
k-8k-1=0,顯然能被64整除.
假設(shè) 9
m-8m-1 能被64整除m為正整數(shù),則n=m+1時(shí),9
k-8k-1=99
m-8m-8-1=9(9
m-8m-1 )+64m,
由假設(shè)知,9(9
m-8m-1 )能被64整除,再由64m 也能被64整除,
可得k=m+1時(shí),9
m-8m-1仍能被64整除.
綜上可得當(dāng)n為偶數(shù)時(shí),S
n-2
n-4n-1 能被64整除.
(2)∵b
1C
n1+b
2C
n2+…+b
nC
nn=n(a
n-1)對(duì)一切n∈N
*都成立,a
n=2
n-1+1,
故當(dāng)n=1時(shí),有 b
1 =a
1 -1=1,
當(dāng)n=2時(shí),有 2 b
1 +b
2 =2(a
2 -1)=4,∴b
2 =2.
當(dāng)n=3時(shí),有 3b
1 +3b
2+b
3=3(a
3-1),即 3+6+b
3=3×4,∴b
3=3.
若存在等差數(shù)列{b
n},使得b
1C
n1+b
2C
n2+…+b
nC
nn=n(a
n-1)對(duì)一切n∈N
*都成立,則應(yīng)有b
n =n.
由二項(xiàng)式定理可得 C
n-11+C
n-12+C
n-13++C
n-1n-1 =2
n-1 成立,
故有n(C
n-10+C
n-11+C
n-12+C
n-13++C
n-1n-1)=n•2
n-1,即C
n1+2C
n2+…+nC
nn=n(a
n-1)=n2
n-1 對(duì)一切n∈N
*都成立,
故存在等差數(shù)列{b
n},使得b
1C
n1+b
2C
n2+…+b
nC
nn=n(a
n-1)對(duì)一切n∈N
*都成立,此時(shí),b
n =n.
(3)T
n=1!C
n1+2!C
n2+3!C
n3+…+n!C
nn(n=1,2,3,…),
由題意可得
=
=
,∴3-
=3-
.
要證的不等式即:(1+
)(1+
)(1+
)…(1+
)≤3-
.
當(dāng)n=2時(shí),不等式的左邊等于 (1+
)(1+
)=
,右邊等于3-
=
,不等式成立.
假設(shè)n=k時(shí),不等式成立,即:(1+
)(1+
)(1+
)…(1+
)≤3-
,
則n=k+1時(shí),不等式的左邊等于:(1+
)(1+
)(1+
)…(1+
)(1+
)≤(3-
)(1+
)
≤(3-
)(1+
)=3+
<3-
=3-
=右邊,
故n=k+1時(shí),(1+
)(1+
)(1+
)…(1+
)≤3-
也成立.
綜上可得:(1+
)(1+
)(1+
)…(1+
)≤3-
成立.
分析:(1)利用二項(xiàng)式定理、二項(xiàng)式系數(shù)的性質(zhì)化簡(jiǎn)S
n 為3
n+2
n,設(shè)n=2k,k∈z
+,則S
n-2
n-4n-1=3
n -4n-1=9
k-8k-1,用數(shù)學(xué)歸納法證明它能被64整除.
(2)分別令n=1、2、3 求出b
1 =1,b
2 =2,b
3=3,若存在等差數(shù)列{b
n},則 b
n =n,由C
n-11+C
n-12+C
n-13++C
n-1n-1 =
2
n-1 成立,可得C
n1+2C
n2+…+nC
nn=n(a
n-1)=n2
n-1 對(duì)一切n∈N
*都成立,故卻是存在等差數(shù)列{b
n},滿足條件.
(3)要證的不等式即:(1+
)(1+
)(1+
)…(1+
)≤3-
,用數(shù)學(xué)歸納法和放縮法證明此不等式成立.
點(diǎn)評(píng):本題主要考查用裂項(xiàng)法對(duì)數(shù)列進(jìn)行求和,用數(shù)學(xué)歸納法證明等式和不等式,注意式子的結(jié)構(gòu)特征,以及從n=k到n=k+1項(xiàng)的變化,屬于難題.