(1)求證:2n+2•3n+5n-4能被25整除.
(2)求證:
C
0
n
-
1
2
C
1
n
+
1
3
C
2
n
-
1
4
C
3
n
+…+(-1)n
1
n+1
C
n
n
=
1
n+1
分析:(1)用數(shù)學(xué)歸納法證明:①當(dāng)n=1時(shí),2n+2•3n+5n-4=8×3+5-4=25,能被25整除;②假設(shè)n=k時(shí),2k+2•3k+5k-4能被25整除,由此導(dǎo)出當(dāng)n=k+1時(shí),2k+3•3k+1+5(k+1)-4能被25整除即可.
(2))由
1
r+1
C
r
n
=
1
r+1
n!
r!(n-r)!
=
1
n+1
C
r+1
n+1
,能夠證明
C
0
n
-
1
2
C
1
n
+
1
3
C
2
n
-
1
4
C
3
n
+…+(-1)n
1
n+1
C
n
n
=
1
n+1
解答:證明:(1)用數(shù)學(xué)歸納法證明:
①當(dāng)n=1時(shí),2n+2•3n+5n-4=8×3+5-4=25,能被25整除,成立;
②假設(shè)n=k時(shí),成立,即2k+2•3k+5k-4能被25整除,
則當(dāng)n=k+1時(shí),2k+3•3k+1+5(k+1)-4=6(2k+2•3k)+5k+5-4
=(2k+2•3k+5k-4)+5(2k+2•3k)+5
=(2k+2•3k+5k-4)+20•6k+5,
∵2k+2•3k+5k-4能被5整除,20•6k+5能被25整除,
∴(2k+2•3k+5k-4)+20•6k+5能被25整除,即n=k+1時(shí)成立.
由①②知2n+2•3n+5n-4能被25整除.
(2)∵
1
r+1
C
r
n
=
1
r+1
n!
r!(n-r)!
=
1
n+1
×
(n+1)!
(r+1)!(n-r)!
=
1
n+1
C
r+1
n+1
,
C
0
n
-
1
2
C
1
n
+
1
3
C
2
n
-
1
4
C
3
n
+…+(-1)n
1
n+1
C
n
n

=
1
n+1
[
C
1
n+1
-
C
2
n+1
+
C
3
n+1
+…+(-1)nC
 
n+1
n+1
],
當(dāng)n為奇數(shù)時(shí),
C
1
n+1
-
C
2
n+1
+
C
3
n+1
+…+(-1)nC
 
n+1
n+1

=(
C
1
n+1
+
C
3
n+1
+…+
C
n
n+1
)-(
C
2
n+1
+
C
4
n+1
+…+
C
n+1
n+1

=
C
0
n+1
=1.
當(dāng)n為偶數(shù)時(shí),
C
1
n+1
-
C
2
n+1
+
C
3
n+1
+…+(-1)nC
 
n+1
n+1

=(
C
1
n+1
+
C
3
n+1
+…+
C
n+1
n+1
)+(
C
2
n+1
+
C
4
n+1
+…+C
C
n
n+1

=
C
0
n+1
=1.
1
n+1
[
C
1
n+1
-
C
2
n+1
+
C
3
n+1
+…+(-1)nC
 
n+1
n+1
]=
1
n+1

C
0
n
-
1
2
C
1
n
+
1
3
C
2
n
-
1
4
C
3
n
+…+(-1)n
1
n+1
C
n
n
=
1
n+1
點(diǎn)評(píng):本題考查數(shù)學(xué)歸納法的應(yīng)用,考查二項(xiàng)式定理的應(yīng)用.解題時(shí)要認(rèn)真審題,仔細(xì)分析組合數(shù)性質(zhì),注意合理地進(jìn)行等價(jià)轉(zhuǎn)化.
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