Question

Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger, but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways. You may wonder how paving(鋪砌) a road can lead to less usable fresh water. A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater. Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers. It comes from underground. The more roads and parking lots we pave, the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.

Hunan activity is not responsible for all water shortages(短缺). Drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts(干旱) than areas with more rainfall, but in any case, good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs.

Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference, too. In the United States, a family of four can use 1.5 tons of water a day! This shows how much depend on water to live, but there’s a lot we can do to lower the number.

You can take steps to save water in you home. To start with, use the same glass for drinking water all day. Wash it only once a day. Run your dishwasher only when it is full. Help your parents fix any leaks in your home. You can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away.

60. Which of the following is most likely to lead to less groundwater?

A. Using river water.                      B. Throwing batteries away.

C. Paving parking lots.                     D. Throwing rubbish into lakes.

61. What can be inferred from the text?

A. All water shortages are due to human behavior.

B. It takes a lot of effort to meet our water needs.

C. There is much we can do to reduce family size.

D. The average family in America makes proper use of water.

63. The last paragraph is intended to_______.

A. show us how to fix leaks at home

B. tell us how to run a dishwater

C. prove what drinking glass is best for us.

D. suggest what we do to save water at home

64. The text is mainly about________.

A. why paving roads reduce our water

B. how much we depend on water to live

C. why droughts occur more in dry climates

D. how human activity affects our water supply

Answer 1

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文，內(nèi)容主要論及人類淡水資源的問(wèn)題。本文先是分類說(shuō)明人類活動(dòng)將會(huì)對(duì)淡水資源的短缺與否造成影響，進(jìn)而通過(guò)實(shí)例介紹在日常生活中我們應(yīng)當(dāng)如何節(jié)約使用淡水。

段落	關(guān)鍵詞、句	大意概括
第一部分 （Para. 1）	using too much water or throwing rubbish into rivers; clear ways; paving road; less obvious ways	介紹人類影響淡水資源供應(yīng)的兩種方式：明顯的方式和不太明顯的方式。
第二部分 （Para. 2-3）	human activity; water shortages; good management; enough water	人類活動(dòng)影響水資源供應(yīng)，人類生活高度依賴水資源，因此應(yīng)該而且可以通過(guò)管好自己來(lái)節(jié)約水資源。
第三部分 (Para. 4)	Save water in your home; glass; dishwasher; recycling batteries	舉例介紹家庭生活中有助于節(jié)約水資源的幾種小竅門。

【解析】

60. C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。難度：中等。題干關(guān)鍵詞為“l(fā)ead to less groundwater”，由此定位文章第一段最后一句。根據(jù)最后一句The more roads and parking lots we pave, the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.可知，我們鋪設(shè)的道路和停車場(chǎng)越多，可流入地面成為地下水的水就越少。所以，C答案正確。

61. B。推理判斷題。難度：較易。文章主要論述了人類活動(dòng)對(duì)淡水資源的影響以及人們應(yīng)如何節(jié)約使用淡水，根據(jù)文章主旨大意可推斷，滿足我們的用水需求需做出大量的努力，所以B答案正確。

62. D。主旨大意題。難度：中等。首句就是文章的主題句，后面通過(guò)to start with等可知這是步驟。只有D項(xiàng)符合。其它選項(xiàng)都是針對(duì)某個(gè)部分。

解題思路：對(duì)于段落的主旨大意題，一定要抓首句，或者末句。

63. D。主旨大意題。難度：較難。文章首段是導(dǎo)入，尤其是第一句統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全文。第一句中的but是個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞，說(shuō)明了文章的重點(diǎn)和affect our water supply有關(guān)。

【難句學(xué)習(xí)】

1. Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger, but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways. 

翻譯：用太多水或者往河里丟垃圾，這些很明顯是人為地危害我們的水源，但是我們也在以一些不太明顯的方式破壞著自己的水源。

分析：本句為并列復(fù)合句。連詞but并列兩個(gè)分句，分句一Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger和分句二we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways，其中分句一中的主干是Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways 。that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞ways在從句中作方式狀語(yǔ)。

2. Drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts(干旱) than areas with more rainfall, but in any case, good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs.

翻譯：干燥的氣候當(dāng)然比多雨氣候更易導(dǎo)致干旱，但良好的管理任何時(shí)候都有助于保障人們基本所需的用水。

分析：本句為并列復(fù)合句，并列部分由連詞but連接，but后的并列分句in any case, good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs.為復(fù)合句。其中there is enough water to meet our basic needs為make sure的賓語(yǔ)從句。句中“are more likely to”意為“更可能”。