Question

【題目】 When people are rude to their co-workers or treat them badly, they probably don’t realize the unintended victims in the encounter could be the co-workers, children. Women who experience incivility in the workplace are more likely to engage in stricter, more authoritarian parenting practices that can have a negative impact on their children, according to the research presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association.

“These findings reveal some previously undocumented ways that women, in particular, suffer as a result of workplace aggression,” said researcher Angela Dionisi, PhD, of Carleton University. This research also speaks to a previously unacknowledged group of indirect incivility victims, namely children.

Workplace incivility is any behavior that is disrespectful, impolite or otherwise goes against workplace standards of respect, according to coauthor Kathryne Dupre, PhD, of Carleton University. “We now know that the outcomes of workplace incivility are vast and negative,” said Dupre. Survey results showed that incivility in the workplace was associated with mothers feeling less effective as parents, which could help explain the increased need to engage in strict, controlling parenting behavior, said Dupre.

Authoritarian parents have high expectations from their children, with rules that they expect their children to follow unconditionally. At the same time, though, they provide very little in the way of feedback and severely punish any mistake, said Dupre. They tend to have lots of regulations and micromanage almost every aspect of their children’s lives, valuing discipline over fun.

“Research suggests that authoritarian parenting is more of a negative style of parenting as compared to other parenting styles. This style of parenting has been associated with a variety of negative child outcomes, including exhibiting aggressive behavior outside the home, being fearful or overly shy around others, having difficulty in social situations due to a lack of social competence,” she said.

【1】Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “incivility” in Paragraph 1?

A.Rudeness.B.Panic.

C.Violence.D.Argument.

【2】Which of the following is NOT a feature of authoritarian parents?

A.They tend to be too strict with their children.

B.They set high standards for their children to reach.

C.They want to keep their children’s life under control.

D.They attach equal importance to discipline and fun.

【3】What is the main idea of the passage?

A.The cause of more authoritarian parents.

B.The harm of workplace incivility to children.

C.The different styles of parenting practices.

D.The effects of high expectations from children.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】D

【3】B

【解析】

這是一篇議論文。這篇文章論述的是工作場(chǎng)所不文明對(duì)兒童的危害。

【1】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段中When people are rude to their co-workers or treat them badly, they probably don’t realize the unintended victims in the encounter could be the co-workers, children.(當(dāng)人們對(duì)他的同事無(wú)禮或?qū)λ麄儾缓玫臅r(shí)候，他們可能沒(méi)有意識(shí)到在這次偶遇中意外的受害者可能是同事、孩子。)可知，職場(chǎng)中不文明的女性更有可能采取更嚴(yán)格、更專(zhuān)制的育兒方式，這可能會(huì)對(duì)她們的孩子產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。由此推知，劃線詞incivility的意思是“粗魯”。故選A。

【2】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中Authoritarian parents have high expectations from their children, with rules that they expect their children to follow unconditionally.(專(zhuān)制的父母對(duì)孩子有很高的期望，他們希望孩子無(wú)條件地遵守規(guī)則。)和They tend to have lots of regulations and micromanage almost every aspect of their children’s lives, valuing discipline over fun.(他們往往有很多規(guī)章制度，幾乎事無(wú)巨細(xì)地管理孩子生活的方方面面，重視紀(jì)律甚于樂(lè)趣。)可知，D項(xiàng)“他們同樣重視紀(jì)律和樂(lè)趣。”不是專(zhuān)制父母的特征。故選D。

【3】主旨大意題。第一段是文章的主題段，根據(jù)第一段中When people are rude to their co-workers or treat them badly, they probably don’t realize the unintended victims in the encounter could be the co-workers, children. Women who experience incivility in the workplace are more likely to engage in stricter, more authoritarian parenting practices that can have a negative impact on their children(當(dāng)人們對(duì)他們的同事無(wú)禮或?qū)λ麄儾缓玫臅r(shí)候，他們可能沒(méi)有意識(shí)到在這次偶遇中意外的受害者可能是同事、孩子。職場(chǎng)中不文明行為的女性更有可能采取更嚴(yán)格、更專(zhuān)制的育兒方式，這會(huì)對(duì)她們的孩子產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響)可知，這篇文章講述的是工作場(chǎng)所不文明對(duì)兒童的危害。故選B項(xiàng)。

任何一篇文章中的句子在內(nèi)容上都不是絕對(duì)孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有關(guān)。利用上下文提供的情景和線索，進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的綜合分析進(jìn)而推測(cè)詞義，最常見(jiàn)的就是利用上下文語(yǔ)境、常識(shí)和語(yǔ)法關(guān)系推斷詞義。尤其要抓住所需推斷詞匯前后的含義。本題第1小題，根據(jù)第一段中When people are rude to their co-workers or treat them badly, they probably don’t realize the unintended victims in the encounter could be the co-workers, children.“當(dāng)人們對(duì)他的同事無(wú)禮或?qū)λ麄儾缓玫臅r(shí)候，他們可能沒(méi)有意識(shí)到在這次偶遇中意外的受害者可能是同事、孩子。”可知，職場(chǎng)中不文明的女性更有可能采取更嚴(yán)格、更專(zhuān)制的育兒方式，這可能會(huì)對(duì)她們的孩子產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。由此推知，劃線詞“incivility”的意思是“粗魯”。故選A項(xiàng)。