2.Two British colonies
Australia,the last continent,was discovered by ships belonging to some European nations in the 17th century.These nations were less interested in changing it into a colony than exploring it.As in the early history of the United States,it was the English (33)who/that set up the settlements in America.This history and the geography of these two British colonies have some (34)other things in common.
Australia and the United States are about equal in size,and neither of their western lands are rich in soil.It was along the eastern coast of Australia and America that the English first settled,and both colonies soon began to develop towards the west.However,this Westward Movement took place more because the English (35)were searching (search) for better land than because the population was increasing.Settlements of the western part of both countries developed quickly after gold (36)was discovered (discover) in America in 1849and in Australia two years later.
Although the development of these two countries has a lot in common,there are some striking differences as well.The United States gained its independence from England by revolution while Australia won its independence without (37)going (go) to war.Australia,firstly (38)turned (turn) into a colony by English prisoners,was unlike the United States,and its economic development was in wheat growing and sheep raising.By 1922,for example,Australia had fifteen times more sheep than it had people,or almost half as many sheep as there are people now in the United States.Yet,(39)in spite of  these and other main differences,Australia and the United States have more in common with each other than either one (40)has (have) with the rest of the world.

分析 本文主要列舉了英國(guó)曾經(jīng)的兩大殖民地---美國(guó)以及澳大利亞在它們的歷史和地理上所存在的許多共同之處;文中講到:美國(guó)和澳大利亞兩個(gè)國(guó)家的土地面積相當(dāng),它們的土壤都不肥沃;英國(guó)人最早占領(lǐng)了它們的東部海岸后,它們都進(jìn)行了西進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng);1849年在美國(guó)以及兩年后在澳大利亞,黃金被發(fā)現(xiàn)后,這兩個(gè)國(guó)家在西部地區(qū)的定居點(diǎn)都得到了迅速發(fā)展;它們之間的差異在于:美國(guó)通過(guò)革命脫離了英國(guó)的統(tǒng)治,澳大利亞是在沒(méi)有發(fā)動(dòng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的情況下而贏得了獨(dú)立;澳大利亞的經(jīng)濟(jì)以小麥種植和養(yǎng)羊業(yè)為主,而美國(guó)則不是如此;最后文中講到,盡管它們存在著一些差異,但是這兩個(gè)國(guó)家所具有的相似之處比它們中任何一個(gè)與世界上其他國(guó)家的存在的相似性都多.

解答 答案:
33.who/that   考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句    本句符合強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)"It+be+強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他";意為:正如美國(guó)早期的歷史一樣,正是英國(guó)人在美洲建立了定居點(diǎn);所以本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句,由于強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 the English (指人);故用who/that  
34.other   考查形容詞   根據(jù)下文描述了兩大殖民地在其他方面的相同之處可知,本句的意思應(yīng)是:這兩個(gè)英國(guó)殖民地的歷史和地理還有著其他的共同之處;故填other
35.were searching     考查時(shí)態(tài)    本句的意思:然而,西進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)生的多半原因是英國(guó)人想要尋找比較好的土地,而不是因?yàn)槿丝诘牟粩嘣鲩L(zhǎng);這里描述的是當(dāng)時(shí)西進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)生時(shí)正發(fā)生的動(dòng)作;故用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)were searching    
36.was discovered     考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)    本句的意思是:1849年在美國(guó)以及兩年后在澳大利亞,黃金被發(fā)現(xiàn)后,這兩個(gè)國(guó)家在西部地區(qū)的定居點(diǎn)迅速發(fā)展了起來(lái);此處在after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中作謂語(yǔ),由于動(dòng)詞discover與其主語(yǔ)gold構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系,并且這里描述的是1849年以及兩年后發(fā)生的事情;故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)was discovered
37.going   考查動(dòng)名詞     此處在句中作介詞without的作賓語(yǔ),故用動(dòng)名詞going
38.turned   考查過(guò)去分詞     此處在句中作后置定語(yǔ),修飾前面的名詞Australia;由于動(dòng)詞turn與該名詞構(gòu)成了動(dòng)賓關(guān)系;意為:最先由英國(guó)的囚犯變成殖民地的澳大利亞;故用過(guò)去分詞turned 
39.in spite of   考查介詞短語(yǔ)    結(jié)合上下文可知,這里的意思是:然而,盡管存在著這些以及其他的一些主要差異;由于these and other main differences不是一個(gè)句子,不能用連詞although或though;故填in spite of  
40.has   考查主謂一致以及時(shí)態(tài)    本句的意思是:美國(guó)和澳大利亞所具有的相似之處比它們中任何一個(gè)與世界上其他國(guó)家的存在的相似性都多;由于此處陳述的是目前的實(shí)際狀況,所以應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);因?yàn)楸揪涞闹髡Z(yǔ)either one指"兩者中的任何一個(gè)",故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式 has

點(diǎn)評(píng) 本題主要考查了各種語(yǔ)法在短文中的具體運(yùn)用.做本題時(shí),需要在正確理解短文的前提下,逐句分析句意以及所考查到的語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象;因此在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中,應(yīng)熟練掌握各種語(yǔ)法知識(shí),其中包括詞法,句法,各種時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)以及虛擬語(yǔ)氣等.

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