Question

【題目】 If humans ever settle on Mars, they will need water. There is just one problem---there seems to be only huge sheets of ice. Luckily, we know how to drill(鉆孔） ice for water. Such methods are already used in Antarctica, and researchers now think they could get them to work on the Red Planet, too. The atmosphere of Mars is too dry to make extracting water vapour from it possible. So ice seems the best bet. But the obvious ice sheets are in the unlivable polar ice caps and would be difficult to reach for drilling.

However, in 2018, at the edge of the cliffs, NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spotted relatively accessible water ice that is probably at least 130metres thick and covered in just a few metres of rock and dust. These may be the best place to get the water needed for future exploration of the planet.

The drilling techniques needed have already been developed for cold areas on Earth where we need to melt buried ice for water. In the early 1960s the US Army used a type of subsurface reservoir(水庫)called Rod Well, in army camps in Greenland. The method works by drilling through the ground into the ice, melting the ice to create a pool, and then pumping water up. By supplying heat continuously, they create a reservoir and a steady water supply. It has been used in remote areas such as the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station Stephen Hoffman at the Aerospace Corporation in Texas and his colleagues simulated(模擬)how a Rod Well would do on Mars. They found that with the power of 9 kilowatts (千瓦)to melt ice, it could in theory produce about 380 litres of water each day and maintain a reservoir of constant size at the bottom of a borehole(鉆孔). That is close to the average daily water use each person in the US, but about 10 times what each astronaut on the International Space Station uses daily.

【1】Which of the following can replace the underlined word "extracting" in the first paragraph ?

A.obtainingB.protecting

C.PreventingD.choosing

【2】Why does the author mention the Rod Well in Paragraph 3?

A.To explain how water ice is drilled on Mars.

B.To tell about the history of water ice drilling techniques.

C.To prove the importance of water ice drilling techniques

D.To show techniques for drilling water wells in Martian ice exist.

【3】On average, how much water does an astronaut on the International Space Station use daily?

A.10 litresB.38 litres

C.160 litresD.380 litres

【4】What would be the best title for the text?

A.Preparing to settle on the Red Planet one day.

B.Finding water on the Red Planet for survival.

C.Using some ways to create a livable environment on Mars.

D.Drilling water wells in Martian ice to survive on Mars.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】D

【3】B

【4】D

【解析】

這是一篇說明文。文章告訴我們?nèi)绻�人類要在火星上生存可以通過人類現(xiàn)有的技術在火星巨大的冰層上鉆冰取水。

【1】

詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段The atmosphere of Mars is too dry to make extracting water vapour from it possible（火星的大氣層太干燥，無法從其中_____水蒸氣）可知，依據(jù)劃線前提到了火星的大氣層太干燥可推出從大氣層“獲取”水蒸氣是不可能的。A. obtaining 獲取；B. protecting 保護；C. preventing 阻止；D. choosing 選擇。故選A項。

【2】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段The drilling techniques needed have already been developed for cold areas on Earth where we need to melt buried ice for water. In the early 1960s the US Army used a type of subsurface reservoir called Rod Well, in army camps in Greenland（在地球上寒冷的地區(qū)，我們需要融化地下的冰以獲得水，而所需的鉆探技術已經(jīng)開發(fā)出來。在20世紀60年代早期，美國軍隊在格陵蘭的軍營中使用了一種叫做Rod Well的地下水庫）可知融化地下冰已獲得水的技術已經(jīng)開發(fā)出來了。文章第一段中提及人類是無法從火星的大氣層中獲得水的，只能從巨大的冰層中鉆冰取水。第三段告知我們鉆冰取水的技術已經(jīng)有了，將來可用于火星開發(fā)中。故選D項。

【3】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段They found that with the power of 9 kilowatts （千瓦）to melt ice, it could in theory produce about 380 liters of water each day and maintain a reservoir of constant size at the bottom of a borehole(鉆孔）. That is close to the average daily water use each person in the US, but about 10 times what each astronaut on the International Space Station uses daily.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，用9千瓦的能量融化冰，理論上每天可以產(chǎn)生380升的水，并在一個鉆孔底部維持一個恒定大小的蓄水池。這接近于美國人均日用水量，但大約是國際空間站每位宇航員日用水量的10倍）可知，美國人均日用水量是380升的水，這個用水量是每位宇航員日用水量的10倍。因此可以算出宇航員日用水量38升左右。故選B 項。

【4】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段If humans ever settle on Mars, they will need water. There is just one problem---there seems to be only huge sheets of ice. Luckily, we know how to drill ice for water. Such methods are already used in Antarctica, and researchers now think they could get them to work on the Red Planet, too.（如果人類在火星定居，他們將需要水。只有一個問題——這里似乎只有巨大的冰層。幸運的是，我們知道如何鉆冰取水。這種方法已經(jīng)在南極洲使用，研究人員現(xiàn)在認為他們也可以在這顆紅色星球上使用）可知，如果人類要在火星上生存可以通過人類現(xiàn)有的技術在火星巨大的冰層上鉆冰取水。在文章第二段提到，在火星上找到了可被人類利用的冰。文章第三段提到了現(xiàn)有的“鉆冰取水”的技術。綜合分析，故選D項。