Question

1．El Nifio，a Spanish term for"the Christ child"，was named by South American fisherman who noticed that the global weather pattern，which happens every two to seven years，reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas．El Nifio sees warm water，collected over several years in the western Pacific，flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken，or sometimes the other way round．
The weather effects both good and bad，are felt in many places．Rich countries gain more from powerful Nifio，on balance，than they lose．A study found that a strong Nifio in 1997 helped American's economy grow by 15 billion，partly because of better agricultural harvest，farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain．The total rise in agricultural in rich countries in growth than the fall in poor ones．
But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames．A multi-year drought （干旱）in south-east Brazil is becoming worse．Though heavy rains brought about by El Nino may relieve the drought in California，they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters．
The most recent powerful Nino，in 1997-98，killed around 21，000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe．But such Ninos come with months of warning，and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare．According to the Overseas Development Institute （ODI），however，just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance，rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards．This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction．
Simple improvements to infrastructure （基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）can reduce the spread of disease．Better sewers （下水道）make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach．Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods．According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors，civil conflict is related to El Nino's harmful effects-and the poorer the country，the stronger the link．Though the relationship may not be causal，helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people．Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino，reducing their losses needs to be the priority．

61．What can we learn about El Nino in Paragraph 1？D
A．It is named after a South American fisherman．
B．It takes place almost every year all over the world．
C．It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas．
D．It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean．
62．What may El Ninos bring about to the countries affected？C
A．Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall．
B．Droughts become more harmful than floods．
C．Rich countries'gains are greater than their losses．
D．Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically．
63．The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest thatA
A．more investment should go to risk reduction
B．governments of poor countries need more aid
C．victims of El Nino deserve more compensation
D．recovery and reconstruction should come first
64．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage？D
A．To introduce El Nino and its origin．
B．To explain the consequences of El Nino．
C．To show ways of fighting against El Nino．
D．To urge people to prepare for El Nino．

Answer 1

分析 本文介紹了厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象，并講述了該現(xiàn)象給世界各國(guó)帶來的影響．雖然富裕國(guó)家從厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象中獲得的遠(yuǎn)比他們失去的多，但它卻給一些貧窮的國(guó)家?guī)�來了�?zāi)難，并使他們?cè)馐芰藰O大的損失；因此，呼吁人們要事先為厄爾尼諾做準(zhǔn)備，要把減少人們的損失當(dāng)作首要的任務(wù)．

解答 答案：
61．D  細(xì)節(jié)理解題  根據(jù)第一段"El Nifio sees warm water，collected over several years in the western Pacific，…，or sometimes the other way round．當(dāng)風(fēng)通常向西，或有時(shí)則向相反的方向減弱時(shí)，厄爾尼諾就會(huì)看到在西太平洋聚集了多年的溫水回流到東部"的內(nèi)容可知，此處表達(dá)了它看到了海洋水流方向的變化；故選D
62．C   細(xì)節(jié)理解題   該題的題干是：厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象給各個(gè)國(guó)家可能帶來的影響是什么？第二段中的"Rich countries gain more from powerful Nifio，on balance，than they lose總的來說，富裕國(guó)家從強(qiáng)大的厄爾尼諾中獲得的遠(yuǎn)比他們失去的多．"與C．"Rich countries'gains are greater than their losses．富裕國(guó)家的收益大于他們的損失．"表達(dá)的意思相同；故選C
63．A   推理判斷題．該題的題干是：第四段中，由ODI提供的數(shù)據(jù)表明了什么？根據(jù)第四段"According to…（ODI），however，just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance，rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards．在過去的二十年中，只有12%的救災(zāi)資金事先用于減少風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，而不是用于之后的恢復(fù)與重建"表達(dá)的意思可知，"A．more investment should go to risk reduction 更多的投資應(yīng)該用于減少風(fēng)險(xiǎn)"符合文中的意思；故選A．
64．D 主旨大意題．該題的題干是：作者的寫作意圖是什么？根據(jù)最后一句"Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino，reducing their losses needs to be the priority．由于最貧窮的人根本不可能從與厄爾尼諾相關(guān)的災(zāi)難中彌補(bǔ)他們的損失，因此首要的任務(wù)是減少他們的損失"，可知"D．To urge people to prepare for El Nino 呼吁人們?yōu)槎驙柲嶂Z做準(zhǔn)備"正是本文的主旨思想；故選D．

點(diǎn)評(píng) 在做閱讀理解題時(shí)，首先需要快速的瀏覽全文，把握文章的主旨大意；其次要學(xué)會(huì)帶著問題到文中相應(yīng)的地方，通過細(xì)節(jié)閱讀來尋找或概括答案；最后理清作者的寫作思路也非常重要；總之，做此類題時(shí)，需要平時(shí)加大閱讀量，掌握一些閱讀技巧．