Question

3．Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer．
     An apprenticeship is a form of on-the-job training that combines workplace experience and classroom learning．It can last anywhere from one to six years，but four years is typical for most．An apprentice spends the majority of the time in a workplace environment learning the practical skills of a career from a journeyman--someone who has done the job for many years．The rest of the apprentice's time is spent in a classroom environment learning the theoretical skills the career requires．Being an apprentice is a full-time undertaking．
    One of the advantages of apprenticeship is that it does not cost apprentices anything．The companies that hire them pay for school．What's more，it offers apprentices an"earn while you learn"opportunity．They usually start out at half the pay of a journeyman，and the pay increases gradually as they move further along in the job and studies．Near the end of the apprenticeship，their wages are usually 90percent of what a journeyman would receive．Apprenticeship also pays off for employers．It can offer employers a pool of well-trained workers to draw from．
    Despite the advantages，apprentices are usually required to work during the day and attend classes at night，which leaves little time for anything else．Sometimes，they might be laid off（下崗） if business for the employers is slow．
    Once they have completed the apprenticeship and become journeymen，they receive a nationally recognized and portable certification and their pay also increases again．Some journeymen continue employment with the companies they apprenticed with；others go onto different companies or become self-employed contractors．

72．classroomlearning
73．themajority
74．theoretical
75．a(chǎn)tthebeginning
76．a(chǎn)jouneyman'swages
77．manywell-trainedworkers
78．beinglaidoff
79．Results
80．a(chǎn)notherpayincrease．

Answer 1

分析 本文是一篇說明文．客觀介紹了學徒的定義、學徒體制的優(yōu)點與不足．

解答 71．Apprenticeship 
綜合理解題．　第一自然段解析了什么是apprenticeship，第二自然段說明了其優(yōu)點，第三段說明了其不足，故文章是圍繞apprenticeship而展開的．故填Apprenticeship．
72．classroom learning  
細節(jié)理解題．　根據(jù)第一段"An apprenticeship is a form of on-the-job training that combines workplace experience and classroom learning．"可知，學徒是一種把工作經(jīng)歷和課堂學習結(jié)合起來在工作中得到培訓的形式．故填classroom learning．
73．the majority    
細節(jié)理解題． 根據(jù)第一段"An apprentice spends the majority of the time in a workplace environment learning the practical skills----"可知，故填the majority．
74．theoretical    
細節(jié)理解題．　由第一段中的"The rest of the apprentice's time is spent in a classroom environment learning the theoretical skills the career requires．"可得出答案．其余時間是在課堂上渡過的，學習工作中所要求的理論技能．故填theoretical．
75．a(chǎn)t the beginning     細節(jié)理解題．　由第二段中的"They usually start out at half the pay of a journeyman，and the pay increases gradually as they move further along in the job and studies．"可知，是在剛開始的時候，故填at the beginning．
76．a(chǎn) jouneyman's wages     
細節(jié)理解題．　由第二段中"their wages are usually 90 percent of what a journeyman would receive"可知答案，他們的工資是一個熟練工人所得工資的百分之九十．故填a jouneyman's wages．
77．many well-trained workers細節(jié)理解題．　根據(jù)第二段中的"It can offer employers a pool of well-trained workers to draw from．"可知答案，故填many well-trained workers．
78．being laid off細節(jié)理解題．　文章的倒數(shù)第二自然段可以得出答案．（they might be laid off（下崗） if business for the employers is slow．）對于雇主來說，如果生意進行得太慢，他們也許會下崗．故填being laid off．
79．Results
理解總結(jié)題．　一旦他們完成了apprenticeship，就可以成為journeyman，可以領到證還可以增加收入，故應為結(jié)果result．
80．a(chǎn)nother pay increase．
細節(jié)理解題．　根據(jù)第四段中"heir pay also increases again"可知，故填another pay increase．

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