2.We all dream of living a long,happy life,but where are the happiest places in the world?
A new map of 151countries has revealed exactly which parts of the globe deliver long and happy lives for their citizens.The results may surprise you,with Costa Rica,Colombia and Vietnam topping the league.The UK features at position 44-higher than Germany (47),Spain (62),Canada (65),Australia (76)and the US (105).
The map was made by the relocation website Movehub,using data from the latest Happy Planet Index (HPI)-a global measure of sustainable wellbeing(可持續(xù)幸福).
The HPI measures life expectancy(平均壽命),the level of well-being experienced and ecological(生態(tài)的) footprint.Each of the three aspects is given a traffic-light score based on thresholds for good (green),middling (amber) and bad (red) performance.These scores are combined to an expanded six-color traffic light for the overall HPI score,where,to achieve bright green-the best of the six colors,a country would have to perform well on all three individual components.
Experienced well-being:This was assessed using a question called the‘Ladder of Life'. This asks respondents to imagine a ladder,where 0represents the worst possible life and 10the best possible life,and report the step of the ladder they feel they currently stand on.
Life expectancy:Alongside experienced well-being,the Happy Planet Index includes a universally important measure of health-life expectancy.We used life expectancy data from the 2011UNDP Human Development Report.
Ecological Footprint:The HPI uses the Ecological Footprint promoted by the environmental charity WWF as a measure of resource consumption.It is a per capita(人均) measure of the amount of land required to sustain a country's consumption pattern.
Two of the three main factors are directly about happiness.The third (Ecological footprint) is regarded as sustainable happiness.i.e.whether a country could sustain its citizens without any outside help.The idea is that if there was an incident which cut a country completely off from the outside world,or a country had to be completely self-sufficient,most of the developed world would be unable to do that.
The reason for some high-income nations to score significantly below other nations is the ecological footprint left on the planet.Mexicans and Canadians both appear to be happier than their US neighbor-most likely due to the country's ecological footprint.
74.According to the passage,the happiest places in the world are countriesA.
A.which deliver long,happy and sustainable lives for the people
B.which offer good medical care to help people live longer
C.which are wealthy enough to provide free social services
D.whose citizens are leading a happy and luxurious life
75.If a country whose traffic-light score of the experienced well-being is red,it means thatC.
A.people there are happy with their present situation
B.people's previous life was much better
C.people are not very satisfied with their life
D.most people choose to be on the top of the ladder
76.What do the two underlined words"This"refer toB?
A.Experienced well-being; A real ladder.
B.Experienced well-being; The question.
C.The Happy Planet Index (HPI);The"Ladder of Life".
D.The individual component; The researcher.
77.If the U.S.footprint per capita is 9.0gha(全球公頃),while that of Switzerland is 5.6gha,we can conclude thatD.
A.people in the U.S.a(chǎn)re happier than those in Switzerland
B.the U.S is less dependent on outside help than Switzerland
C.the land in U.S.is more productive than that in Switzerland
D.people in U.S.consume more natural resources than those in Switzerland.
分析 本文屬于說明文閱讀,作者通過這篇文章向我們介紹了世界上最幸福的地方,并且分析了各個(gè)國(guó)家的不同狀態(tài),并向我們介紹了如何能夠是國(guó)家人民幸福.
解答 74.A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題,根據(jù)第二段A new map of 151countries has revealed exactly which parts of the globe deliver long and happy lives for their citizens.可知世界上最幸福的地方是為人民提供長(zhǎng)期、快樂、可持續(xù)的生活的國(guó)家,故選A.
75.C 推理判斷題,根據(jù)第四段Each of the three aspects is given a traffic-light score based on thresholds for good (green),middling (amber) and bad (red) performance.These scores are combined to an expanded six-color traffic light for the overall HPI score,where,to achieve bright green-the best of the six colors,a country would have to perform well on all three individual components.可知如果一個(gè)國(guó)家的交通燈評(píng)分是紅色的,這意味著人們對(duì)自己的生活不太滿意,故選C.
76.B 推理判斷題,根據(jù)第五段Experienced well-being:This was assessed using a question called the‘Ladder of Life'. This asks respondents to imagine a ladder,where 0represents the worst possible life and 10the best possible life,and report the step of the ladder they feel they currently stand on.可以推斷出經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的幸福是評(píng)估使用的問題,被稱為"生活階梯",而這個(gè)問題要求受訪者想象出一個(gè)梯子,故選B.
77.D 推理判斷題,由題干如果美國(guó)縣人均生態(tài)足跡是9公頃,瑞士是5.6公頃,則可以推斷出美國(guó)的人比瑞士的人消耗更多的自然資源,故選D.
點(diǎn)評(píng) 考查學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力.做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)一定要找到文章中的原句,和題干進(jìn)行比較,再做出正確選擇.在做推理判斷題時(shí)不要以個(gè)人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí),要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷.