You can’t buy happiness but it looks like you can at least inherit (遺傳) it, British and Australian researchers said on Thursday.
A study of nearly 1000 pairs of identical and non-identical twins found genes control half the personality traits（特性）that make people happy while factors such as relationships, health and careers are responsible for the rest of our well-being.“We found that around half the differences in happiness were genetic,” said Tim Bates, a researcher at the University
of Edinburgh who led the study. “It is really quite surprising.”
The researchers asked the volunteers – ranging in age from 25 to 75 – a series of questions about their personality, how much they worried and how satisfied they were with their lives.
Because identical twins share the same genes and fraternal twins do not, the researchers could identify common genes that result in certain personality traits and predispose people to happiness.
People who are sociable, active, stable, hardworking and conscientious tend to be happier, the researchers reported in the journal Psychological Science.
“What this study showed was that the identical twins in a family were very similar in personality and in well-being, and by contrast, the fraternal twins were only around half as similar,” Bates said. “That strongly implicates genes.”
The findings are an important piece of the puzzle for researchers trying to better understand depression and what makes different people happy or unhappy, Bates said.
People with positive inherited personality traits may, in effect, also have a reserve of happiness to draw on in stressful times, he said.
“An important implication is that personality traits of being outgoing, calm and reliable provide a resource, we called it ‘a(chǎn)ffective reserve,’ that drives future happiness” Bates said.
1．Which of the following is NOT true according to the study?
A．Identical twins tend to be happier than fraternal twins.
B．About half the differences in happiness can be inherited.
C．Relationships, health and careers can affect one’s happiness.
D．Genes control half the personality traits affecting one’s happiness.
2．The underlined word “predispose” in paragraph 5 probably means .
A．lead B．switch C．force D．fix
3．The purpose of paragraph 7 is to inform us that .
A．the fraternal twins’ happiness has nothing to do with genes
B．the identical twins’ happiness has nothing to do with genes
C．the difference between the identical twins and the fraternal twins
D．genes play an important part in one’s personality and happiness
4．Bates thinks that .
A．peoples’ happiness is only dependent on some related genes
B．happiness reserve consists of positive personality traits
C．people ought to reserve more positive personality traits
D．people should have their character trained hard
5．What is the probable title for the article?
A．A study of twins B．Happiness can be inherited
C．Genes affect everything D．Genes determine your fortune
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小夫子全能檢測系列答案科目：高中英語 來源：2012-2013學年云南楚雄州武定縣第一中學高一下期期中考試英語卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解
Whenever the sun dropped and the blue sky came up, my father and I used to climb the mountain near my house. Walking together, my father and I used to have a lot of conversations through which I learned lessons from his experiences. He always told me, “You should have goals like climbing the mountain.” Without the mountain-climbing that we both enjoyed. We couldn’t have enough time to spend together because my father was very busy. I really got a lot from mountain-climbing. It gave me time to talk with my father and to be in deep thought as well as develop my patience.
Once we climbed a very high mountain. It was so challenging for me because I was only ten years old. During the first few hours of climbing. I enjoyed the flowers and trees, and the birds’ singing, but as time passed, I got a pain in both of my legs. I wanted to quit climbing. In fact, I hated it at that mountain, but my father said to me, “You can always see a beautiful sky at the top of the mountain, but you can’t see it before you reach the top. Only there at the top, can you see all of the nice things, just like in life.”
At that time, I was too young to understand his words. But later after that, I got knew hope and confidence. I found myself standing at the top of the sky in my life, which was as clear as crystal (水晶).
【小題1】The passage tells us that mountain-climbing was _____for Father and Son.
| A．hard | B．painful | C．enjoyable | D．unhappy |
| A．carry on | B．put off | C．pick up | D．give up |
| A．the writer reached the top of the mountain. |
| B．the writer was very successful in his life. |
| C．thought the writer was young, he could understand his father. |
| D．the writer used to hate climbing the mountain. |
| A．How to Get to the Top of the Mountain | B．Father’s love |
| C．Conversations between Father and Son | D．Reaching the Top of the Mountain |
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科目：高中英語 來源：2012-2013學年廣東省珠海市高一上學期期末質檢英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解
I hated dinner parties. But I decided to give them another shot because I’m in London. And my friend Mallery invited me. And because dinner parties in London are very different from those back in New York. There, “I’m having a dinner party” means “I’m booking a table for 12 at a restaurant you can’t afford and we’ll be sharing the cheque evenly, no matter what you eat.”
Worse, in Manhattan there is always someone who leaves before the bill arrives. They’ll throw down cash, half of what they owe, and then people like me, who don’t drink, end up paying even more. But if I try to use the same trick, the hostess will shout “Where are you going?” And it’s not like I can say I have somewhere to go : everyone knows I have nowhere to go.
But in London, dinner parties are in people’s homes. Not only that, the guests are an interesting mix. The last time I went to one, the guests were from France, India, Denmark and Nigeria; it was like a gathering at the United Nations. In New York, the mix is less striking. It’s like a gathering at Bloomingdale’s, a well-known department store.
For New Yorkers, talking about other parts of the world means Brooklyn and Queens in New York. But at Mallery’s, when I said that I had been to Myanmar recently, people knew where it was. In New York people would think it was a usual new club.
【小題1】What does the word “shot” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
| A．Choice. | B．Try. | C．Style. | D．Goal. |
| A．There is a strange mix of people. | B．The restaurant are expensive. |
| C．The bill is not fairly shared. | D．People have to pay cash. |
| A．A bit unusual. | B．Full of tricks. |
| C．Less costly. | D．More interesting. |
| A．Easygoing.. | B．Self-centred. |
| C．Generous. | D．Conservative. |
| A．The author hated dinner parties. |
| B．The author prefer dinner parties in London to those in New York. |
| C．The difference between London and New York. |
| D．Mallery invited the author to a party. |
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科目：高中英語 來源：2012-2013學年江蘇省蘇州五中高一下學期期初考試英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解
In the US, people prefer waiting for a table to sitting with people they don’t know. If you are sitting at a table with people you don’t know, it is impolite to light up a cigarette without first asking if it will disturb them.
At American restaurants and coffee shops you are usually served tap water(自來水) before you order. You may find the bread and butter is free, and if you order coffee, you may get a free refill.
Most cities and towns have no rules about opening and closing times for stores or restaurants, though they usually do make rules for bars. Especially in large cities, stores may be open 24 hours a day.
Servings in restaurants are often large, too large for many people. If you can’t finish your meal but would like to enjoy the food later, ask your waitress or waiter for a “doggie bag”. It may have a picture of a dog on it, but everybody knows you’re taking the food for yourself. Supper and dinner are both words for the evening meal. Some people have “Sunday dinner”. This is an especially big noon meal.
Tips are not usually added to the check. They are not included in the price of the meal, either. A tip of about 15% is expected and you should leave it on the table when you leave. In some restaurants, a check is brought on a plate and you put your money there. Then the waiter or waitress brings you your change.
【小題1】Which statement is TRUE?
| A．American people like sitting with people they don’t know. |
| B．A hostess always seats a small group at a large table. |
| C．American people never sit with people they don’t know. |
| D．American people will not light a cigarette if the people who sit at the same table mind their smoking. |
| A．Bread | B．Butter | C．Coffee | D．Cold water |
| A．There are no rules about opening and closing times for stores and restaurants. |
| B．Stores may be open 24 hours a day in every city. |
| C．Especially in large cities, stores may be open around the clock. |
| D．You can enter a bar at any time in the US. |
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科目：高中英語 來源：2011-2012學年山東省莘縣實驗高中高二下學期期末考試英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解
Ginny Ruffner is one of the best-known glass artists in the United States. Her one-of-a-kind pieces are colorful, detailed and often humorous. Over the years, she became famous for a method called lamp working, also known as flame working. It involves using a torch to melt and shape the glass instead of blowing on it.
Ginny Ruffner almost died in a three-car accident in 1991. No one thought the Seattle-based artist would ever walk or talk again. An award-winning(優(yōu)等的) film documentary explores that period of her life. "It's scary when you can't talk, you can't do... all your life." said Ruffner.
Ms. Ruffner was in a coma(昏迷) for five weeks and a wheelchair for five years. But she overcame her injuries. And although she still has difficulty walking and talking, she has willed herself back to work. Now, she has a team that helps bring her dream to life.
Her team recently finished an eight point five meter-high flowerpot made of steel and aluminum. It is now in downtown Seattle. Ms. Ruffner was recently honored in Washington, DC. The Renwick Gallery presented a special showing of the film, "A Not So Still Life, the Ginny Ruffner Story."
Ms. Ruffner says “it has been a long battle, but the hardest part has not been the physical problems. I hate being taken for granted, being ignored. The way I talk, people assume that I'm either really old, or kind of retarded(智力遲鈍的), and that is so frustrating."
But she is firm. She says "Fortunately I've done a lot of stuff in my life, so I know that the best thing is to be open to the mystery, who knows what great things will happen. I'm sure they're many more to come."
Ginny Ruffner's art can be seen in more than forty museums around the world. Her work and her life continue to motivate people of all ages.
【小題1】Within five years after a car accident, Ginny Ruffner _____.
| A．was unconscious of everything |
| B．had trouble walking and talking |
| C．got over injuries completely |
| D．went back to her work |
| A．Ginny Ruffner finished an eight point five meter-high flowerpot made of steel and aluminum himself |
| B．The Renwick Gallery made him a the film documentary , "A Not So Still Life, the Ginny Ruffner Story." |
| C．Ginny Ruffner's art is shown in more than forty museums in the United States |
| D．Ginny Ruffner’s story has encouraged people to do what they want to |
| A．The physical disabilities |
| B．Being considered old andstupidity |
| C．Being looked down upon |
| D．Being mistaken as a useless man |
| A． A New Exhibit of Bright Life |
| B．The Life of a Glass Artist |
| C． A New product of a glass artist |
| D．The Introduction of a Great Glass Artist |
| A．determined and optimistic |
| B．a(chǎn)mbitious and stubborn |
| C．hopeful and energetic |
| D．devoted and active |
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科目：高中英語 來源：2012-2013學年河北省棗強縣中學高一上學期期末考試英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解
With the rapid progress of technology, the English language is changing fast. All the people have to face a choice: either ignore the development of the language and spend the rest of our lives wishing Shakespeare were alive, or keep pace with the Internet age, welcoming the new English which someone has once called Weblish. “you can’t avoid it for the simple reason that wherever a new language comes along, it surely impacts (影響) the language as a whole,” says Dr David Crystal, a famous language professor at the University of Wales.
However, there is great trouble with keeping up with the new English because there are so many new words and the old ones no longer mean what we thought they did. In the past if someone said they didn’t have “Windows”, you would have to suppose they lived in a cave without windows. But now, it is probably because they use a Mac, which is a computer. Spam, which once meant a not-so-good-kind of canned meat, now stands for unwanted “junk (垃圾)” email.
Spelling is changing too. Weblish loves to see nouns happily become verbs ( for example, “Please bookmark this site”), and verbs become nouns (“Send me the download”).Verbs and prepositions are regularly thrown together to become new nouns or adjectives(for example, dial-up, logon, print-out, pull-down, upload), while others are created from a simple pairing of nouns: cyberspace, ethernet, Internet, hyperlink, metatag and netspeak.
【小題1】 We can infer from the first paragraph that _____ .
| A．English has completely become Weblish |
| B．some people wish Shakespeare were still alive |
| C．people may have different attitudes towards Weblish |
| D．people who know English have to learn a new language |
| A．Now English has many new words. |
| B．English words have changed a lot. |
| C．Old English words are no longer used at all. |
| D．People have difficulty in understanding some new words related to computers and the Internet. |
| A．Technology and English |
| B．Keep Up with the Latest Weblish |
| C．Don’t Forget English |
| D．The Advantage and Disadvantages of Weblish |
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