Ever since the invention of the printing press over 500 years ago, mass communication has been growing and affecting the way communities and people behave. Where once the written word was used by those with power to keep control of populations, now everyone believes that they have power over governments because of the huge amount of knowledge available to them thanks to electronic communication. At every stage of the development of communication, from the telegraph through to the Internet, societies have had to adapt to its effects. But have the effects been more positive or negative?

The saying “knowledge is power” has been an excellent motivator for people to improve their lives, but today the massive amount of information available through the Internet doesn’t always seem to be helping people in the way we’d hoped. Rather than improving people’s lives and bringing us closer together, the information age is making us more divided and irresponsible.

Nevertheless, many people find comfort in their virtual (虛擬的) worlds and are happy to connect with real-life friends and online friends from the familiar surroundings of their living rooms. However, being able to reinvent themselves online and be whoever they want to be leads to the question of whether they are losing their identities by living in a virtual world.

It’s not all bad news, however. Mass communication has helped change some attitudes for the better. Take our views on the environment for example. Internet campaigns by governments and other organizations have helped popularize the ideas of recycling, protecting wildlife and reducing pollution.

Modern electronic communication now influences every aspect of our lives — it is a powerful tool that has raised some concerns for society. However, it has also brought countless benefits to society. At the end of the day, it can be used both for good or evil and ultimately relies on the morals and sense of responsibility of the individual or community involved. In short, it needs to be used with care.

1.What does the writer imply about life before the printing press?

A. Population levels were lower.

B. The general public had little power.

C. People wanted to have more control over their lives.

D. Countries were governed by poorly educated people.

2.The writer states that the saying “knowledge is power” has ________.

A. encouraged people to get an education

B. sometimes failed to have the expected results

C. motivated people to access as much information as possible

D. been the driving force behind the development of mass media

3.What does the writer think about socialising online?

A. It can be comforting for some people.

B. Virtual lives can stop people enjoying a real life.

C. People have too many friends online to be of any value.

D. Crime is a problem for people on social networking sites.

4.Which statement best summarises the writer’s overall view of electronic communication?

A. It should be used wisely.

B. It changes attitudes much too quickly.

C. It is more powerful than many people believe.

D. It should be better controlled by the government.

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Things You Should Stop Doing to Be Successful

Are you a happy person? How often do you think of reasons why everyone around you is successful though they are not better than you in general? What do you do wrong? Here are some things you should stop doing to be successful.

1.1.

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2. Do not believe anything without questioning it.

3.They are critical thinkers, and they understand that we all are ruled by our prejudices(偏見(jiàn)), so they will always question new information.

3. Do not worry about all unpredictable things that may happen to you.

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Dear Tom,

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You can find hundreds of free comedy movies online, saving you money, as well as the trouble of going out to rent a DVD or visit a movie theater.

Hulu’s Free Comedy Movies

Hulu has the best selection of free comedy movies that you can watch online right now. You can look through newly added comedies or the most popular ones from today, this week, this month, or all time. Hulu also has a huge collection of funny free TV shows and movies available but you'll have to watch advertisements placed like commercials throughout the shows or movies you are viewing.

Free Comedies at Popcornflix

Popcornflix is a legal website where you can watch full-length streaming movies in both the U. S. and Canada. You'll see a lot of actors and actresses you’ll recognize here in some movies you've heard of and some you haven't. You don’t need to register, so you’ll be enjoying your chosen movie or TV show in seconds. However, this video streaming service is ad-supported, so you will have to sit through a few commercial breaks during your movie.

Free Comedy Movies at Tubi TV

Thousands of free movies and TV shows are available through Tubi TV, and they can all be viewed on a number of mobile devices in addition to a computer. There's also a whole section at Tubi TV that’s just for comedy videos. Some movies require you to log in (進(jìn)入)to view them, but registration is free and only takes a few moments.

Classic Cinema Online’s Comedies

Dozens of free classic comedies are available from Classic Cinema Online. What really makes Classic Classic Cinema unique from the rest is its rather large selection of silent films. While there’s only a large handful of movies at Classic Cinema Online, if you love classic and silent movies, you really need to check it out.

1.What does Hulu’s Free Comedy Movies offer apart from free comedy movies?

A. Free-books. B. Funny free TV shows.

C. Science fiction D. Action movies.

2.What can we learn about Free Comedies at Popcornflix?

A. No registration is required.

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C. It has a whole section of comedy videos.

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3.Where can people watch movies and TV shows using their mobile devices?

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A. Dozens of free classic comedies.

B. A large selection of silent films.

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Conventional wisdom is a major barrier to innovation (創(chuàng)新) that threatens the survival of companies everywhere. It’s based on the assumption that old ideas will always work, so they shouldn't be challenged. While this may be a valid assumption in situations that don't change, it’s unlikely to hold true in a changing situation. In today’s rapid changing global environment, old methods often don’t work, and stubbornly using them can lead to major problems.

Most people seem to agree with conventional wisdom because it gives one a false sense of security. If everyone else believes it, then it must be true. Individuals who use conventional wisdom are certain that they are right, and being right is good. They want to continue using old ideas rather than take risks with changes that might not work. In 1977, Ken Olsen, co-founder and CEO of Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), stated “There is no reason for any individual to have a computer in his home.” Despite being a dominant leader in the computer industry, DEC no longer exists. People seem to forget that since innovation is a change, there can be no innovation without change. Unfortunately, conventional wisdom prevents leaders, followers and companies from changing and therefore innovating. If companies don’t innovate, but their competitors do, the future is likely to be problematic. Breaking from conventional wisdom has led to many of the most innovative companies and products in history across many industries, so it has a powerful effect on business success.

Ted Turner (founder of CNN) knew little, if anything, about the news business, but he knew it was inconvenient to watch news only at the dinner hour, as was common before CNN. Turner's solution was to create a cable channel dedicated to news 24 hours a day. The news establishment reflected conventional wisdom at the time, and predicted his idea would fail because no one wanted to watch the news all day. However, it doesn’t take a rocket scientist to understand that viewers don’t have to watch the news all day for the CNN to work. Viewers just have to watch when they want to get information. Due to conventional thinking, the critics failed to recognize the opportunity that was clear to Ted. They assumed that only what was familiar to them could work in the future.

Conventional wisdom prevents creativity, flexibility and risk-taking, so unconventional leaders enthusiastically break from it. To survive, thrive and maintain competitive advantage, companies must be flexible when reacting to change.

1.The author's attitude to conventional wisdom is .

A. disapproving B. approving

C. supportive D. indifferent

2.DEC has disappeared probably because .

A. the consumers didn’t like its products

B. the CEO stuck to the conventional ideas

C. the leaders lacked the sense of security.

D. the employees took many risks with changes

3.The founding of CNN is used as an example to prove .

A. missing opportunities could lead to failure

B. changing could contribute to business success

C. watching news at the dinner hour is convenient

D. conventional wisdom influences business success

4.What does the underlined part probably mean in Paragraph 3?

A. Rocket scientists can ensure the CNN works properly.

B. Most of the viewers don’t like to watch the news at work.

C. It’s necessary to understand when people watch the news.

D. It’s easy to know people needn't watch the news all the time.

5.The passage is mainly written to tell us that .

A. old methods are changing with time

B. opportunities lead to business success

C. conventional wisdom limits innovation

D. successful companies need wise leaders

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