【題目】閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Researchers at the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research show how the interaction (交互) between remembering and forgetting in the brain 1 (allow) us to make more intelligent decisions 2 (base) on memory. They published a new review paper in the journal Neuron.

Forgetting makes us smart by working with memorizing 3 the following ways, the researchers say. First, letting go of outdated information lets us adapt to new situations. By forgetting the old and potentially misleading information, we can adapt to new environments 4 (easy). Second, forgetting also makes decision- making simple. We just remember the important information which makes it easy for us 5 (make) wise decisions.

What and how much we remember can 6 (decide) by our environments, For example, a lawyer or a designer with a set of clients will likely remember 7 (they) names for a longer period of time, A cashier who has a changing sea of 8 (customer) every day will only remember names for a short amount of time.

The researchers point out that the motto is true: If you don’t use it, you lose it. But as 9 review paper shows, it can be a good thing. Clearing out the information you don’t need can help make room for the important things, 10 can make you become more intelligent.

【答案】

1allows

2based

3in

4easily

5to make

6be decided

7their

8customers

9the

10which

【解析】

這是一篇說明文。一項新的研究指出,記憶和忘記之間的交互會讓我們變得更聰明,因為忘掉不需要的信息可以給重要的信息提供空間。

1考查時態(tài)。分析句子可知,此處是賓語從句的謂語動詞,因為講述一般情況,且主句為一般現(xiàn)在時,故此處也用一般現(xiàn)在時,主語the interaction是第三人稱單數(shù),故謂語動詞用三單現(xiàn),故填allows。

2考查非謂語動詞。分析句子可知,此處是非謂語動詞作后置定語,basedecisions之間是邏輯上的被動關(guān)系,故用過去分詞作狀語,故填based。

3考查介詞。此處考查固定表達(dá)in the following ways“用以下的方法”,是固定短語,故填in。

4考查副詞。此處應(yīng)用副詞修飾動詞adapt作狀語,故填easily。

5考查不定式。此處考查固定句型make it + adj.+ for sb. to do sth.“讓做某事對于某人來說……”,其中it是形式賓語,不定式是真正的賓語,故填to make

6考查被動語態(tài)。分析句子可知此處是句子謂語動詞,主語What and how much we rememberdecide之間是被動關(guān)系,故應(yīng)用被動語態(tài),又can后接動詞原形,故填be decided

7考查代詞。此處應(yīng)用they的形容詞性物主代詞修飾名詞names,故填their。

8考查名詞的數(shù)。根據(jù)短語a sea of“大量的”判斷此處用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式,故填customers。

9考查冠詞。結(jié)合上下文可知,此處特指前文提到的a new review paper,故應(yīng)用定冠詞。故填the。

10考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處是非限制性定語從句關(guān)系詞,先行詞是前面的整個句子,它在從句中充當(dāng)主語,應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which,故填which。

10小題考查定語從句關(guān)系詞。確定定語從句關(guān)系詞一般分為三步:找出先行詞;分析先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)什么成分;考慮特殊情況。以本題為例:

找出先行詞:Clearing out the information you don’t need can help make room for the important things

分析先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)什么成分:先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語,應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞

考慮特殊情況:非限制性定語從句,以及句子作先行詞時不能使用that

故填which。

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