18．Losing weight comes with a lot of health benefits-including making your brain sharper．
Yes，it turns out that overweight may damage cognitive functions such as memory and attention．There have been few studies of overweight and cognitive functioning，possibly because it is generally believed that it is not a primary risk cause for poor cognitive performance．Losing weight，therefore，may help improve these mental functions，according to a new research led by John Gunstad，assistant professor of psychology at Kent State University．
Growing evidence suggests that being fat is linked to cognitive deficits（缺陷）．So Gunstad and his team guessed that losing weight might improve mental function．For their study，they measured memory and attention in a group of l 50overweight participants，some of whom had some kind of operation for weight loss and some did not．All of the volunteers completed mental skills tests to assess their abilities of memory and attention at the beginning of the study，and again 12weeks later．To begin with．a(chǎn)bout 24%of the patients showed damaged learning and 23%showed signs of poor memory when tested．At the end of the study，those who had lost weight after operation improved their scores into the average or above average range for cognitive functions．Scores for the volunteers who didn't lose weight dropped even further．
The study helped Gunstad to find out whether losing weight had any effect on mental function．Now that he's seen the positive effect that weight loss can have on memory and attention，he says he will next study those who choose to lose weight by the traditional way-eating healthier and getting more active．He expects that losing weight in this way will have a similarly positive effect on the brain．"If we can improve the condition with operations，then we can probably produce the same change with behavioral weight loss as well，''he says．

63．There is less research on overweight and cognitive functions because researchersC
A．believe overweight only affects our body
B．have focused on ways to sharpen people's mind
C．do not consider overweight a main cause for low cognitive ability
D．a(chǎn)re clear about the relation between weight and mental functions
64．The result of Gunstad's study shows thatB
A．losing weight has little effect on people's memory
B．losing weight can improve people's mental functions
C．overweight people are likely to have psychology problems
D．overweight people's abilities of concentration differ greatly
65．What is Gunstad planning to prove next in his research？D
A．Slim people are smarter than overweight people．
B．Healthy diet is better than exercise in losing weight．
C．Traditional ways of losing weight are better than operation
D．Overweight people will get smarter by taking more exercise．
66．Which of the following is the best title for the text？D
A．Body Weight and Health              B．Losing Weight by Operation
C．Ways to Improve Mental Functions    D．Losing Weight to Sharpen Your Mind．

分析 本文屬于說明文閱讀，作者通過這篇文章向我們介紹了一項新的研究表明減肥會給人們帶來很多好處，其中之一就是會讓人們更聰明．Gunstad和他的團隊對150名肥胖人員進行了調查，其中通過手術減肥的人們智力明顯比減肥前要高，由此他希望能夠在通過鍛煉減肥的人們身上也看到這種效果．

解答 63．C  細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第二段There have been few studies of overweight and cognitive functioning，possibly because it is generally believed that it is not a primary risk cause for poor cognitive performance．可知人們在此之前很少研究肥胖和認知功能之間是否存在關系的原因是因為人們沒有認為肥胖是導致認知功能下降的基本原因，故選C．
64．B  細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第一段Losing weight，therefore，may help improve these mental functions，可知減肥可以改善大腦功能，故選B．
65．D  推理判斷題．根據(jù)最后一段Now that he's seen the positive effect …h(huán)e says he will next study those who choose to lose weight by the traditional way-eating healthier and getting more active．可以判斷他在接下來要研究那些通過鍛煉和健康飲食減肥的人們，看是否健康減肥也存在這種對大腦的積極影響，故選D．
66．D  主旨大意題．文章首段提出中心Losing weight comes with a lot of health benefits-including making your brain sharper．并在下文中對這項研究進行了詳細的介紹，由此可知D選項內容可以概括文章中心，故選D．

點評 考查學生的細節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力．做細節(jié)理解題時一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進行比較，再做出正確選擇．在做推理判斷題時不要以個人的主觀想象代替文章的事實，要根據(jù)文章事實進行合乎邏輯的推理判斷．

練習冊系列答案
相關習題

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

16．LIPITOR atorvastatin calcium tablets   
WHO IS LIPITOR FOR？
Who can take LIPITOR：•People who cannot lower their cholesterol （膽固醇） enough with diet and exercise•Adults and children over 10Who should NOT take LIPITOR：•Women who are pregnant，may be pregnant，or may become pregnant．LIPITOR may harm your unborn baby．If you become pregnant，stop LIPITOR and call your doctor right away•Women who are breast-feeding．LIPITOR can pass into your breast milk and may harm your baby•People with liver problems or allergic （過敏的） to anything in LIPITOR 
HOW TO TAKE LIPITOR Do：•Take LIPITOR at any time of day，with or without food•If you miss a dose，take it as soon as you remember．But if it has been more than 12hours since your missed dose，wait．Take the next dose at your regular time Don't：•Do not change or stop your dose before talking to your doctor•Do not give your LIPITOR to other people．It may harm them even if your problems are the same 
POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS OF LIPITOR Serious side effects in a small number of people：•Muscle problems that can lead to kidney problems，including kidney failure．Your chance for muscle problems is higher if you take certain other medicines with LIPITOR•Liver problems．Your doctor may do blood tests to check your liver before you start LIPITOR and while you are taking it Call your doctor right away if you have：•Unexplained muscle weakness or pain，especially if you have a fever or feel very tired•Allergic reactions including swelling（腫脹） of the face，lips，tongue，and/or throat that may cause difficulty in breathing or swallowing which may require treatment right away•Nausea，vomiting，or stomach pain•Feeling more tired than usual•Your skin and the whites of your eyes turn yellow•Allergic skin reactions Common side effects of LIPITOR are：•Diarrhea （腹瀉）•Muscle and joint pain•Upset stomach•Changes in some blood tests
NEED MORE INFORMATION？•Ask your doctor or health care provider•Go to www．lipitor．com 
It was a horrible feeling； I was having a heart attack．Now I'm exercising，watching my diet，and trust my heart to Lipitor

70．LIPITOR is a medicineC．
A．specially designed for young kids 
B．to cure serious liver problems
C．that can lower the risk for heart attack   
D．for mothers-to-be to lower cholesterol
71．Which of the following is most likely to be a bad sign for LIPITOR takers？C
A．Drinking alcohol twice a day．
B．Changes in medical tests．
C．Discomfort and ache in muscles．
D．Feeling tired after a day's work．
72．If it has been over 12hours since you missed a dose，you shouldB．
A．change the amount of your next dose   
B．take the next dose at your regular time
C．have a dose as soon as you remember   
D．eat more when taking your next dose
73．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text？D
A．LIPITOR should never be taken with other food at the same time．
B．Skipping is the best choice for those who have missed one dose．
C．Recommendation is encouraged if one feels LIPITOR to be good．
D．People can consult the professionals for details of the medicine．

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：選擇題

17．_______ different life today is from what it was fifty years ago!（　�。�
A．WhatB．What aC．HowD．How a

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

6．Nuclear power's danger to health，safety，and even life itself can be summed up in one word：radiation．
Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it，partly because it cannot be detected by human senses．It can't be seen or heard，or touched or tasted，even though it may be all around us．There are other things like that．For example，radio waves are all around us but we can't detect them，sense them，without a radio receiver．Similarly，we can't sense radioactivity without a radiation detector．But unlike common radio waves，nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things．
At very high levels，radiation can kill an animal or human being immediately by killing masses of cells in vital organs．But even the lowest levels can do serious damage．There is no level of radiation that is completely safe．If the radiation does not hit anything important，the damage may not be serious．This is the case when only a few cells are hit，and if they are killed immediately，your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones．But if the few cells are only damaged，and if they reproduce themselves，you may be in trouble．They can grow into cancer．Sometimes this does not show up for many years．
This is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation．Serious damage can be done without the victim being aware at the time that damage has occurred．A person can be irradiated（輻射 ）and feel fine．then die for cancer five，ten，or twenty years later as a result．Or a child can be born weak as a result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents．
Radiation can hurt us．We must know the truth．

51．What is the most dangerous factor of nuclear power？C
A．Amount       B．Quantity         C．Radiation         D．Place
52．Which of the following statements is TRUE？B
A．Nuclear radiation can do little harm to human beings．
B．Nuclear radiation can do harm to human beings．
C．Nuclear radiation can be detected by human senses．
D．Nuclear radiation is just like common radio waves．
53．How can nuclear radiation kill an animal？D
A．By damaging its heart．
B．By killing a few cells in its body．
C．By hitting any place in its body．
D．By killing many cells in important organs．
54．Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery becauseA．
A．it can do harm to a person while the victim doesn't know
B．human beings learn its harmfulness
C．nuclear radiation can kill a person very easily
D．human beings have no effective machine to detect nuclear radiation
55．If a human being is hit by nuclear radiation，he mayD．
A．die of cancer after many years
B．die immediately
C．have a child who may be born weak
D．a(chǎn)ll of the above．

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

13．Air pollution is a leading cause of cancer and classified among Group 1，or top，human carcinogens （致癌物質），said the International Agency for Research on Cancer （IARC），which is the World Health Organization's （WHO） cancer agency，on Oct 17，2013．
The most widely used system for classifying carcinogens comes from the IARC，which places them into five groups．Group 1carcinogens definitely cause cancer in humans．Group 2A is probably carcinogenic to humans，Group 2B is possibly carcinogenic，the carcinogenicity of Group 3in humans is unclassifiable，and Group 4is probably not carcinogenic to humans．Only a little more than 100are classified as Group 1cancer-causing substances，including ultraviolet radiation and tobacco smoke．
"Our task was to evaluate the air everyone breathes rather than focus on specific air pollutants，"the lARC's Dana Loomis said in a statement．"The results from the reviewed studies point in the same direction：the risk of developing lung cancer is significantly increased in people exposed to air pollution．"
In 2010，lung cancer resulting from air pollution killed 223，000people worldwide，and there was also convincing evidence that it increases the risk of bladder （膀腕） cancer，according to the IARC．
Air pollution is already known to raise risks for a wide range of illnesses，including respiratory and heart diseases．
Air pollution is global，although the levels of it vary over space and time．
Loomis said people in Asia，eastern North America，some places in Central America and Mexico，as well as North Africa have relatively high exposure．Developing countries with large populations and booming manufacturing sectors，such as China，are particularly at risk．
Many cities in China，such as Beijing，frequently see smog．This week，Harbin，the capital city of Heilongjiang province，became the first Chinese city to officially suspend classes due to serious smog
Many developed countries face similar problems，although to a lesser degree than most developing nations．In Europe，levels of many pollutants have fallen．But between 91and 96percent of Europeans living in cities are exposed to levels of PM2.5-tiny particles with a diameter of less than 2.5micrometers-that are higher than the WHO safety limits，says a report published by the European Environment Agency on Oct 15．
Although both the composition and levels of air pollution can vary dramatically from one location to the other，the 1ARC said its conclusions apply to all regions of the world．
"Given the scale of the exposure affecting people worldwide，this report should send a strong signal to the international community to take action without further delay，"said Christopher Wild，director of the IARC．

59．What might be the best title of the passage？C
A．Signals of air pollution
B．Safety limits of air pollution
C．Air pollution，cancer risk
D．Air pollution，smog risk
60．What's the main task of IARC？B
A．To focus on cancer-causing substances．
B．To evaluate the air quality．
C．To study the developing risk of cancer．
D．To send signals to the international community．
61．Why should the international community take action without further delay？D
A．The composition and levels of air pollution vary from place to place．
B．More and more people in developing countries are exposed to air pollution．
C．Developed countries face air pollution，the level of which is higher than the safety limits．
D．A large number of people worldwide are exposed to air pollution．

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：選擇題

3．It is reported that a similar technique can be         to the treatment of cancer．（　�。�
A．appliedB．attachedC．addedD．compared

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：填空題

10．One day an ant was drinking at a small stream and fell in．She made desperate efforts（61）to reach
（reach） the side，but made no progress at all．The poor （62）exhausted（exhaust） ant was still bravely doing her best when a dove saw her．Moved by her （63）determination（determine） and perseverance，the bird threw her a blade of grass，（64）whichsupported her like a raft，and thus the ant reached the bank again．While she was resting and drying （65）herself（she） in the grass，she （66）heard（hear） a man come near．He was walking along barefooted （67）witha gun in his hand．As soon as he saw the dove，he wished to kill it．He would certainly have done so，but the ant bit him in the foot just as he raised his gun to fire．He stopped to see （68）whathad bit him，and the dove （69）immediately（immediate） flew away．It was an animal much （70）weaker（weak） that had saved her life．

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

9．People who do not get enough vitamin A in their diet may develop night blindness．But in the developing world a lack of vitamin A causes much more serious harm to children．The World Health Organization links the lack of vitamin A to as many as 250.000 child deaths every year．
    One excellent source of vitamin A is found in sweet potatoes with orange flesh．Orange sweet potatoes contain high levels of beta-carotene（胡蘿卜素），which our body can change into vitamin A． Experts say orange sweet potatoes specially bred （育種，培植） for growing conditions in Africa
could help solve the lack of vitamin A there．
     But，first，more people will need to be persuaded to eat them． Jan Low with the International Potato Center，a research organization says the sweet potato needs a better image in Africa． Jan Low says，…We do have an image problem with sweet potato in general in sub-Saharan Africa． It is seen as a crop of the poor．"Ms Low explains that sweet potatoes are mainly grown by poor women to feed their families in case another crop fails． The sweet potatoes commonly grown if Africa have white or yellow flesh． But，more importantly，they are low in vitamin A．
    Jan Low took part in a project to study how best to market orange sweet potatoes to Africans．She worked on an information campaign in Mozambique and Uganda．The campaign included radio messages about the nutritional benefits of the orange sweet potato．They advertised its ability to"fight diseases，make you strong，clear your skin and make you look healthy．"In areas without radio，the campaigners spread the message through community theater．The performances included singing，dancing and storytelling．And everywhere they went，the campaigners wore orange T-shirts and hats．They even drove orange vehicles．Jan Low says the color made it easier to gain public attention．
   Dan Gustafson heads the Washington office of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization． He points toefforts in the past to increase the popularity of other nutritious crops． He says most of these efforts failed because organizers of the campaigns did not consider what people wanted to eat．But Mr．Gustafson sees a better chance for the efforts to increase the popularity of the orange sweet potato in Africa． For one thing，except for the color，the vegetable is similar to what people already use．
66．What does the writer want to tell us in Para． 1？B
A． Vitamin A in food may cause night blindness．
B． People should get enough vitamin A in their diet．
C． The developing countries are in lack of vitamin A．
D． Vitamin A causes too many child deaths every year．
67．According to the passage，which of the following statements is NOT true？A
A． Orange sweet potato contains high levels of vitamin A．
B． Jan Low tries to persuade more people to eat orange sweet potato．
C． The campaign aims to advertise the benefit of orange sweet potato．
D． Fighting diseases，making you strong，clearing your skin and making you look healthy are the ability of the orange sweet potato．
68．Jan Low works forB．
A． the World Health Organization
B． the International Potato Center
C． the government of Mozambique and Uganda
D． the United Nations Food and Agriculture organization
69．The underlined phrase"points to"of Para． 5 is closest in meaning toD
A． lets            B． brings          C． takes           D． mentions
70．The passage mainly talks aboutA．
A． an image problem with orange sweet potato              
B． an information campaign in sub-Saharan area
C． the popularity of vitamin A                            
D． the function of vitamin A in people's diet．

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

19．Leaders of the World Health Organization say they are concerned about the air quality and health efiects on citizens during a recent outbreak of heavy pollution in Beijing．Still，they said they were unsure of the exact amount the air pollution takes on any person's body，casting doubts on local reports tying the area's dirty air to particular cases of illness．
   Speaking at a briefing（情況介紹會）on Tuesday，the WHO's Western Pacific regional director，Shin Young-Soo，cited（列舉）reports about poor air quality causing lung cancer in recent weeks．
"The WHO is skeptical of the information，"she said．"We're cautious of whether the illness is related to air po11ution．We know it has an impact on health，but we don't know how much．"
    The officials didn't cite particular reports．The comments follow a number of articles since late last year connecting some cases of diseases like lung cancer with pollution，．including one in November regarding an 8-year-old girl．
   The health impact of Beijing's gray skies has been on the minds of many over the past week．Local authorities on Tuesday preserved an orange alert（警報）一the city's second highest pollution-warning level-and again warned people to stay indoors．Experts widely agree that small particulates（顆粒） known as PM2.5 carry significant short-and long-term health risks，particularly with children．Other studies find a certain link between pollution and shorter life spans．
Chinese state media have noted a rise in cancer levels in Beijing，without specifying（具體說明）whether the new cases are the main result of pollution，smoking，other sources or some combination．
Bernhard Schwartlander，the organization's China chief，said he is concerned and has been in contact with national authorities．"There is no easy solution，"Dr．Schwartlainder said，adding that solving the problem requires managing industry and the economy．WHO leaders advised citizens．to stay indoors and limit exposure to the harmful particulates．When asked if wearing a face mask has any proven efficacy in preventing health effects of air pollution，Dr．Schwartlainder said，"Whatever you do，it's better than nothing．"

68．We can learn from the passage thatA．
A．in case of an orange alert，we had better not go outside
B．the case of the girl with lung cancer was little'linked to air pollution
C．cancer levels in Beijing are rising due to heavy air pollution
D．it is widely agreed that pollution shortens life spans very slightly
69．According to Dr．Schwartlander，the ways to solve the problem includeC．
A．contacting the national authorities     
B．being exposed less to harmful particulates
C．managing the enterprise and economy  
D．preventing health effects of pollution
70．What would be the best title of this passage？D
A．The dangers of heavy pollution
B．The impacts of pollution on health
C．The importance of protecting the environment
D．The uncertainty of relationship between pollution and health．

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習冊答案