3．The need for a surgical operation，especially an emergency operation，almost always comes as a severe shock to the patient and his family．Despite modern advances，most people still unreasonably fear hospitals and anesthetics （麻醉藥）．Patients do not often believe they really need surgery---cutting into a part of the body as opposed to treatment with drugs．
In the early years of this century there was little specialization in surgery．A good surgeon was capable of performing almost every operation that had been devised up to that time．Today the situation is different．Operations are now being carried out that were not even dreamed of fifty years ago．The heart can be safely opened and its valves （閥門；心臟或血管的瓣膜） repaired．Clogged blood vessels can be cleaned out，and broken ones mended or replaced．A lung，the whole stomach，or even part of the brain can be removed and still permit the patient to live a comfortable and satisfactory life．However，not every surgeon wants to，or is qualified to carry out every type of modern operation．
The scope（范圍，廣度，機會） of surgery has increased remarkably in this century．Its safety has increased too．Deaths from most operations are about 20% of what they were in 1910and surgery has been extended in many directions，for example to certain types of birth defects （缺陷） in newborn babies，and，at the other end of the scale，to life-saving operations for the octogenarian （八旬老人）．The hospital stay after surgery has been shortened to as little as a week for most major operations．Most patients are out of bed on the day after an operation and may be back at work in two or three weeks．
Many developments in modern surgery are almost unbelievable．They include the replacement of damaged blood vessels with simulated ones made of plastic； the replacement of heart valves with plastic substitutes； the transplanting of tissues such as the lens of the eye； the invention of the artificial kidney to clean the blood of poisons at regular intervals and development of heart and lung machines to keep patients alive during very long operations．All these things open a hopeful vista （前景，遠景） for the future of surgery．
One of the most revolutionary areas of modern surgery is that of organ transplants．Until a few years ago，no person，except an identical twin，was able to accept into his body the tissues of another person without reacting against them and eventually killing them．Recently，however，it has been discovered that with the use of x-rays and special drugs，it is possible to graft tissues from one person to another which will survive for periods of a year or more．Kidneys have been successfully transplanted between non-identical twins．Heart and lung transplants have been reasonably successful in animals，though rejection problems in humans have yet to be solved．
'Spare parts'surgery，the simple routine replacement of all worn-out organs by new ones，is still a dream of the distant future．As yet，surgery is not ready for such miracles．In the meantime，you can be happy if your doctor says to you，'Yes，I think it is possible to operate on you for this condition．'
66．Surgeons in the early years of this century，compared with modern ones，A．
A．had less to learn about surgery
B．needed more knowledge
C．could perform every operation known today
D．were more trusted by their patients
67．Modern surgeonsC．
A．do not like to perform operations of the new type
B．a(chǎn)re not as highly qualified as the older ones
C．a(chǎn)re required to specialize more than their predecessors （前任們）
D．often perform operations which are not really needed
68．The main difficulty with organ transplants isC．
A．it is difficult to find organs of exactly the same size
B．only identical twins can give permission for their organs to be exchanged
C．the body's tendency to reject alien tissues
D．the patient is not allowed to use drugs after them
69．Spare parts'surgeryA．
A．has yet to become a reality
B．will be available in the near future
C．is only possible for animals
D．has been replaced by modern drug treatments
70．You can be happy if your surgeon can operate because it meansA．
A．he thinks your condition may be curable
B．he is a good doctor
C．he knows you will survive
D．you are getting better already．
分析 本文討論的主要是過去五十年來外科的飛速發(fā)展．本世紀(jì)初外科發(fā)展幾乎沒有專業(yè)技術(shù)，但現(xiàn)在的情形完全不同了，現(xiàn)代外科發(fā)展幾乎難以置信，其最具革命性領(lǐng)域之一是器官移植．
解答 66．A 細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)句子In the early years of this century there was little specialization in surgery在本世紀(jì)早期，外科手術(shù)幾乎沒有專門化．所以答案選A．
67．C推理判斷題．根據(jù)句子not every surgeon wants to，or is qualified to carry out every type of modern operation不是每一個外科醫(yī)生都資格進行每一種現(xiàn)代手術(shù)．可見進行現(xiàn)代手術(shù)是要有資格的．所以答案選C．
68．C 細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)句子though rejection problems in humans have yet to be solved盡管人類的排異問題還有待解決．可見最大的問題是身體排斥外來組織的傾向．所以答案選C．
69．A 細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)句子'Spare parts'surgery，the simple routine replacement of all worn-out organs by new ones，is still a dream of the distant future"零配件"手術(shù)是一個簡單的例行更換新器官的手術(shù)，仍然是一個遙遠的未來的夢想．可見'Spare parts'surgery has yet to become a reality尚未成為現(xiàn)實，所以答案選A．
70．A 推理判斷題．通過文章介紹的在過去的五十年來外科手術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，現(xiàn)代外科竟然都有了一些令人驚訝的創(chuàng)新包括塑料心臟瓣膜，由此推斷出如果你的外科醫(yī)生能給你做手術(shù)，那么對于你的病的治療就是很有把握的你應(yīng)該高興，所以答案選A．
點評 解答任務(wù)型閱讀理解題，首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意．因為閱讀理解題一般沒有標(biāo)題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速讀的過程中，應(yīng)盡可能多地捕獲信息材料．其次，細讀題材，各個擊破．掌握全文的大意之后，細細閱讀每篇材料后的問題，弄清每題要求后，帶著問題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關(guān)信息．最后，要善于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時，要有較強的針對性．對于捕獲到的信息，要做認真分析，仔細推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對題目要求，才能做到穩(wěn)、準(zhǔn)．
