科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Dogs have an understanding of fair play and become angry if they feel that another dog is getting a better deal, a new study has found.
The study looked at how dogs react when a companion is rewarded for the same trick in an unequal way. Friederike Range, a researcher at the University of Vienna in Austria, and her colleagues did a series of experiments with dogs who knew how to respond to the command “give the paw “. The dogs were normally happy to repeatedly give the paw, whether they got a reward or not. But that changed if they saw that another dog was being rewarded with a piece of food, while they received nothing.
“We found that the dogs hesitated significantly longer when obeying the command to give the paw,” the researchers write. The unrewarded dogs eventually stopped cooperating.
Scientists have long known that humans pay close attention to inequity. But researchers always assumed that animals didn’t share the trait. “The argument was that this is a uniquely human phenomenon,” says Frans de Waal, a professor of psychology at Emory University in Atlanta.
That changed in 2003 when he and a colleague did a study on monkeys. The monkeys had to hand a small rock to researchers to get a piece of cucumber in return. They were happy to do this. But if they saw that another monkey was getting a more delicious reward, a grape, for doing the same job, they would throw away the food and rock, and at some point just stopped performing.
In that experiment, the monkeys considered the fairness of two different types of payment. But when Range and her colleagues did a similar study with their trained dogs, testing to see if dogs would become upset if they only got dark bread when other dogs received sausage, they found that as long as the dogs got some kind of food payment, even if it wasn’t the most delicious kind, the animals would play along.
How did the dogs in Range’s study react to the order of “giving the paw”?
A. They took the order even without being rewarded.
B. They took the order only when rewarded.
C. They turned a deaf ear to repeated orders.
D. They hesitated longer when given repeated orders.
The research by Frans De Waal in 2003 ___________.
A. originated from Range’s research on dogs.
B. showed that animals do pay attention to inequity.
C. began the argument that only humans are aware of inequity.
D. was conducted to find out how monkeys reacted to humans’ orders.
Some monkeys in the research become angry because they found another monkey _______.
A. was given less work.
B. was given more food.
C. was given the same type of food.
D. was given more delicious food.
Range found that, compared with monkeys, dogs ____________.
A. care more about whether they are rewarded.
B. care less about what they are rewarded with.
C. care more about what they are ordered to do.
D. care less about who gives them orders.
What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Animals have various ways to show their anger.
B. Dogs are less intelligent than monkeys.
C. Dogs have a sense of fairness.
D. Most animals want to be rewarded equally.
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科目：高中英語 來源：2011年湖北省武漢二中、龍泉中學(xué)高一下學(xué)期期末聯(lián)考英語卷 題型：閱讀理解
A used book or nearly-new kitchen gadget (配件) may not be at the top of every Christmas wish list, but hard economic times coupled with a new green awareness are changing attitudes about gift-giving in France.
French holiday shoppers are choosing larger numbers for “green” gifting this Christmas, studies show. About 30 percent of French consumers will give second-hand items as gifts to stretch out their tight budgets but also to do their little bit for recycling, according to a study by international consulting fi
rm Deloitte.
The survey of Christmas consumer behaviors in 18 European countries found the French were more than twice as likely as other Europeans to give second-hand items. Websites promoting re-gifting and green gifting are popular in France, with many reporting a rise in business.
“Concerns about the ecology and the economy have come together and we are now seeing people who accept the types of gifts that were not appreciated just a short time ago,” said Sebastien Ravut, who runs a website promoting eco-friendly consumerism. His site lists shops in France that offer fair trade products, bio-friendly goods and recycled items. Over the Christmas holidays, the number of visits to the site has doubled from last year, reaching 60,000 a month.
A study by online survey firm Vivodi for PriceMinister showed eight out of 10 people would be happy to receive a used item as a gift and that younger consumers were more open to the idea.
But Gilles Goldenberg, author of the Deloitte study, said that environmental concerns are not why customers buy used goods. “The number one c
oncern is getting the lowest possible price,” said Goldenberg. “Eco-friendly products are drawing a lot of interest, but not if that means paying more.”
Theatre tickets and other low-carbon gifts are fashionable, and eco-friendly websites are also encouraging gift givers to offer time and services instead of stuff. “The order of the day is to spend less time shopping and more time connecting” over the holidays, said Florence de Monclin from the Nicolas Helot foundation for Nature and Humanity.
【小題1】We can judge from the Deloitte study that _________.
| A．over a quarter of the French give second-hand Christmas gifts |
| B．the French are less willing to buy eco-friendly gifts than other Europeans |
| C．80% of French people are happy to receive second-hand gifts |
| D．less than 10% of European consumers are likely to give second-hand gifts |
| A．they want to be eco-friendly | B．they want to  save money |
| C．it is encouraged by websites | D．it is a new fashion in Europe |
| A．a(chǎn) theatre ticket |
| B．a(chǎn) second-hand book |
| C．a(chǎn) nearly-new digital toaster |
| D．a(chǎn) box of heavily packaged chocolate |
e following statements is TRUE?| A．Old people are not open minded enough to accept second-hand gifts. |
| B．People wish to receive second-hand gifts because of the economic downturn. |
| C．Ravut’s website received a sharp decrease in visits during the Christmas holidays. |
| D．In de Monclin’s opinion, people should spend more time with friends and family during holidays |
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科目：高中英語 來源：2013屆安徽省高三省級示范高中名校聯(lián)考英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解
FRANCE has destroyed the hopes of those who had planned to take refuge（避難）in one of the few places on Earth which some believe will be spared when the world ends on December 21 ．Local officials banned access to the Pic de Bugarach，a mountain in the southwest where rumor has it that the hilltop will open on the last day and aliens will appear with spaceships to save nearby humans.
Eric Freysselinard，the state’s top representative in the area，said he was blocking access to the mountain for public safety reasons to avoid a rush of New Age fanatics(盲信者），sight-seers and media crews. Believers say the world will end on December 21，2012，the end date of the ancient Mayan calendar，and they see Bugarach as one of a few sacred mountains sheltered from the cataclysm(大災(zāi)難）．
Mr Freysselinard said the 100 police and firefighters will also control approaches to the tiny village of the same name at the foot of the mountain，and if too many people turn up，they will block access there too.“We are expecting a few people who believe in this end of the world，but in extremely limited numbers，” he said in the. nearby city of Carcassonne.“We are expecting greater numbers of people who are just curious，but in numbers we cannot determine. Above all，we are expecting lots of journalists，”he said.
Films，documentaries and websites have promoted the idea that the ancient Mayan calendar predicts that doomsday is on December 21．The culture ministry in Guatemala-where half the population are of Mayan descent-is hosting a massive event in the capital just in case the world actually does end，while tour groups are promoting doomsday-themed getaways.
【小題1】Many people plan to go to Pic de Bugarach mainly because ．
| A．they want to take refuge on December 21，2012 |
| B．they want to meet aliens with spaceships to save humans |
| C．they want to visit the scenery of the mountain |
| D．they want to make profits by attracting tourists |
| A．forbidding the rumour spreading | B．improving environmental protection |
| C．protecting public safety | D．a(chǎn)voiding destroying natural sources |
| A．a(chǎn). b. e. | B．a(chǎn). b. c. | C．a(chǎn). b. d. | D．b. d. e. |
| A．The World Ends on December 21 | B．The Ancient Mayan Calendar Ends |
| C．A Massive Event in The Capital | D．French Say‘No’to The Refugee |
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科目：高中英語 來源：湖北省黃岡中學(xué)2009-2010學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期末考試試題（英語） 題型：閱讀理解
Mexico City is truly one of the most amazing cities in the world with a mixture of both the old and new world. From the moment your plane starts to land in this vast city, you know that your trip will be quite an adventure.
Once in your taxi and the moment you leave the airport, you are amazed at the large amount of slow traffic. The volume of the traffic can be stressful to some.
The "Paseo de la Reforma (改革大道)", running southwest across the city, is one of the major tourist and business areas in Mexico City with many high quality hotels only walking distance from great restaurants and other tourist attractions. The only problem you will have is trying to see all of these sites during your vacation time.
One of the most popular attractions in this area is the National Museum of Anthropology along the northwest part of the street. There are thousands of artifacts on display showing the history of the area and numerous items found from the many Aztec sites in the area. Walking southwest from the museum, you will soon reach the Mexico City Zoo, which is a great place to spend an afternoon.
Across the street from the museum is the Chapultepec Castle, once an important site in the Mexican-American war. It's also a good idea to take the train up the hill to where the castle is located as the hill is steep (陡峭的). It's important to keep in mind that Mexico City is over 7,000 feet above sea level and some feel it difficult to breathe when walking.
You can take a taxi to the Coyoacan market during the evening on a weekend. It's a great place to get some cheap souvenirs to bring back home and to enjoy some traditional Mexican cuisine. However, you must be careful where you eat and that the meat is well cooked.
55．The tourists in Mexico City may not be satisfied with______.
A．the high speed of the traffic B．the heavy traffic of the city
C．the polluted air in the city D．their safety in the city
56．From the third paragraph, we can learn that______.
A．the number of the city attractions can't meet the needs of the tourists
B．it is convenient for tourists to visit the city from where they stay
C．tourists have problems when visiting the sites in Mexico City
D．tourists often have their three meals in the high quality hotels
57．Which of the following shows the correct positions of the following places?
P =" Paseo" de la Reforma M =" the" National Museum of Anthropology
C =" the" Chapultepec Castle Z =" the" Mexico City Zoo
58．Which of the following attractions may interest those who want to study the military (of the army) history of Mexico City?
A．The National Museum of Anthropology. B．The Coyoacan market.
C．The Chapultepec Castle. D．The Aztec sites.
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科目：高中英語 來源：2012-2013學(xué)年浙江省高三沖刺模擬考試英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
Below is a passages adapted from a website.
Tayka Hotel De Sal
Where: Tahua,
Bolivia 
How much: About $95 a night
Why it’s cool: You’ve stayed at hotels made of brick or wood, but salt? That’s something few can claim. Tayka Hotel de Sal is made totally of salt---including the beds (though you’ll sleep on regular mattresses (床墊) and blankets). The hotel sits on the Salar de Uyuni, a prehistoric dried-up lake that’s the world’s biggest salt flat. Builders use the salt from the 4,633-square-mile flat to make the bricks, and glue them together with a paste of wet salt that hardens when it dries. When rain starts to dissolve the hotel, the owners just mix up more salt paste to strengthen the bricks.
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Green Magic Nature Resort
Where: Vythiri,
India 
How much: About $240 a night
Why it’s cool: Taking a pulley(滑輪)-operated lift 86 feet to your treetop room is just the start of your adventure. As you look out of your open window---there is no glass!---you watch monkeys and birds in the rain forest canopy(罩蓬). Later you might test your fear of heights by crossing the handmade rope bridge to the main part of the hotel, or just sit on your bamboo bed and read. You don’t even have to come down for breakfast---the hotel will send it up on the pulley-drawn “elevator”.
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Dog Bark Park Inn B&B
Where: Cottonwood,
Idaho 
How much: $92 a night
Why it’s cool: This doghouse isn’t just for the family pet. Sweet Willy is a 30-foot-tall dog with guest rooms in his belly. Climb the wooden stairs beside his hind leg to enter the door in his side．You can relax in the main bedroom, go up a few steps of the loft(閣樓）in Willy’s head, or hang out inside his nose. Although you have a full private bathroom in your quarters, there is also a toilet in the 12-foot-tall fire hydrant (消防栓）outside.
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Gamirasu Cave Hotel
Where: Ayvali,
Turkey 
How much: Between $130 and $475 a night.
Why it’s cool: This is caveman cool! Experience what it was like 5,000 years ago, when people lived in these mountain caves formed by volcanic ash. But your stay will be much more modern. Bathrooms and electricity provide what you expect from a modern hotel, and the white volcanic ash, called tufa, keeps the rooms cool, about 65℉in summer. (Don’t worry---there is heat in winter.)
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Treebones Resort
Where: California,
America 
How much: $100 a night
Why it’s cool: You can sleep in a “room” any night, but how often do you get the chance to sleep in a yurt. What’s a yurt? Good question. Yurts are the name given to guest rooms at the Treebones Resort. These spaces provide all of the accessibility to nature you’d enjoy in a tent, but with all the comforts of a cabin. In one of sixteen yurts, you will doze off(打盹兒) while gazing at the stars that can be seen through a sky dome.
1.What is the main purpose of this passage?
A．To sell the hotels.
B．To attract guests.
C．To offer good service.
D．To get popular.
2.If you want to experience a thrilling life, you’d better go to ____________.
A．Treebones Resort
B．Gamirasu Cave Hotel
C．Dog Bark Park Inn B&B
D．Green Magic Nature Resort
3.Sweet Willy is the name of ____________.
A．a(chǎn) doghouse for the family pet
B．a(chǎn) thirty-foot-tall family dog
C．the building of Dog Bark Park Inn B&B
D．the guest rooms in Dog Bark Park Inn B&B
4.Which of the following words can best describe all the five hotels in the passage?
A．Unique. B．Ordinary. C．Costly. D．Natural.
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