The Japanese believe that a person has two souls, each necessary. One is the “gentle” soul; the other is the “rough” soul. Sometimes the person uses his gentle soul; sometimes he must use his rough soul. He does not favor his “gentle” soul; neither does he fight his “rough” soul. Human nature in itself is good, Japanese philosophers insist, and a human being does not need to fight any part of himself. He has only to learn how to use each soul properly at the appropriate times. Virtue for the Japanese consists in fulfilling one’s obligations to others. Happy endings, either in life or in fiction, are neither necessary nor expected, since the fulfillment of duty provides the satisfying end, whatever the tragedy it inflicts (遭受，承受). And duty includes a person’s obligations to those who have conferred benefits upon him and to himself as an individual of honor. He develops through this double sense of duty a self-discipline which is at once permissive and rigid, depending on the area in which it is functioning.

The process of acquiring this self-discipline begins in childhood. A Japanese child is given his own identity very early! If I were to define in a word the attitude of the Japanese toward their children I would put it in one succinct (簡(jiǎn)潔的) word – “respect”. Love? Yes, abundance of love, warmly expressed  from the moment he is put to his mother’s breast. For mother and child this nursing of her child is important psychologically.

Rewards are frequent, a bit of candy bestowed ( 給予) at the right moment, an inexpensive toy…As the time comes to enter school, however, discipline becomes firmer. To bring shame to the family is the greatest shame for the child.

What is the secret of the Japanese teaching of self-discipline? It lies, I think, in the fact that the aim of all teaching is the establishment of habit. Rules are repeated over, and continually practiced until obedience becomes instinctive. This repetition is enhanced by the expectation of the elders. They expect a child to obey and to learn through obedience. The demand is gentle at first and tempered to the child’s tender age. It is no less gentle as time goes on, but certainly it is increasingly inexorable （不可阻擋的）.

1. The main purpose of the passage is to discuss_________.

   A. the belief system of the Japanese people  B. Japanese view of happiness

   C. Japanese view of duty                 D. self-discipline of the Japanese people

2. What can be inferred according to the Japanese belief system?

   A. Some people have two different souls.

   B. Some people are born evil.                C. One should try to achieve the happy ending.

   D. Duty is central in Japanese view of virtue.

3. In the teaching of self-discipline the Japanese emphasize _________.

   A. obligations to one’s family and relations.

   B. early tolerant training combined with restrictive movement

   C. heavy external (外界的) control including strict punishment

   D. a permissive atmosphere almost until adulthood

4. How do the Japanese teach their children of self-discipline?

   A. They lie to their children about the benefit of self-discipline.

   B. They develop their children’s habit of obedience through various teachings.

   C. They rely on the important role of schools.

   D. They use rewards to set good samples of self-discipline.

5. What does the underlined word “It”in the last sentence refer to?

   A. The demand.   B. The age.   C. The obedience.   D. The establishment.         

【小題1】D

【小題2】D

【小題3】A

【小題4】B

【小題5】A

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科目：高中英語 來源：2010屆福建省東山二中高三下學(xué)期模擬考試（一） 題型：閱讀理解


3D comes home
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So far we can only see 3D films in the cinema with a special screen and projector. But soon, we will be able to watch them in our living rooms. Last month, the Japanese company Sony told reporters that it plans to bring 3D televisions to homes in 2010. The company is also hoping to make other products with 3D, like laptops and PS3.
“      The 3D train is on the track, and we are ready to drive it home,” said Sony President Sir Howard Stringer.
How 3D technology works
Three dimensional movies and TV programs are fun to watch, but do you know how they are made? It is much easier to understand if we do an experiment.
Hold one of your fingers up at arms length and close one eye. Then try closing the other eye. As you switch between open eyes you should see your finger “jumping” left and right against the background.
This happens because our two eyes are about 4 cm away from each other. The separation causes each eye to see the world from a different angle. The brain puts these two views together. What you see becomes three-dimensional.
Three dimensional movies are made using two video cameras at the same time, which creates two different images. When the movie plays in a cinema, two projectors put the two images on the screen. With a pair of 3D glasses, the two images are separated and each image only enters one eye. Your brain puts the two pictures back together, and the pictures on the screen become three-dimensional.
72. What does the sentence “The 3D train is on the track, and we are ready to drive it home” mean?           .
A. They’ve got a train to take 3D films back home
B. They are ready to bring 3D technology to homes
C. They have no more work to do on 3D technology
D. They are not sure about the future of 3D films
73. According to the text, 3D films       .
A. use advanced technology to make special sound effects.
B. are less real than ordinary films, but more exciting.
C. can only be seen in the cinema at the moment.
D. will take the place of 2D films in the near future.
74. From the text, we know that 3D technology        .
A. works in a similar way to how our eyes see things.
B. is too expensive to be used in ordinary homes.
C. uses special video cameras and light effects
D. can be easy to experiment with
75. The passage is mainly about        .
A. how 3D films will develop in the future.    
B. what makes 3D films so enjoyable
C. how 3D technology works and its future
D. what 3D technology needs and its future

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科目：高中英語 來源：江蘇省建湖縣0910學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末考試（英語） 題型：其他題

任務(wù)型閱讀 (共10小題；每小題l分, 滿分l0分)

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You might think body language is universal. After all, we're the same species, right? But basics like what is considered a polite greeting and definitions of "personal space" vary widely from culture to culture. Americans, for instance, are considered rather reserved in the way they greet friends, and they define personal space more broadly than most other cultures. Knowing how another culture's basic body language differs from yours may be of use next time you travel internationally.

Mind how you meet and greet. Americans and Canadians, male and female, tend to greet each other with a nice firm handshake. In Asian countries, the polite form of greeting is to bow, and the lower you bow, the deeper respect you have for the person you are bowing to. In Spain, Portugal, Italy and Eastern Europe, men kiss each other on the cheek.

Be careful about eye contact. In America, intermittent(斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的) eye contact is preferable in a conversation--unless it's someone you care deeply for. In Middle Eastern countries, intense prolonged(持久的) eye contact is the norm, and the person you're speaking with will move very close to you to maintain it. The Japanese, on the other hand, consider it an invasion of privacy, and rarely look another person in the eye.

Americans, in general, smile when they meet or greet someone. Koreans, however, think it's rude for adults to smile in public--to them, smiling in public is a sign of embarrassment.

Don't point. Most Americans think nothing of pointing at an object or another person. Native Americans consider it extremely rude to point with a finger, and instead they point with their chin. It's also rude to point with a finger in China; the polite alternative is to use the whole hand, palm facing up.

Give the right amount of space. In Asian cultures, particularly China, the concept of personal space (generally defined in America as a three-to-four-foot circle for casual and business acquaintances) is nearly nonexistent. Strangers regularly touch bodies when standing in line for, say, movie tickets. People in Scandinavian countries, on the other hand, need more personal space than we do.

Title: How to (71)_______ Body Language in Different Cultures

Items

In America

In some Asian countries

Meeting and greeting

Both male and female have a (72)_______ to greet each other with a nice firm handshake.

It’s polite for people to bow when they meet and greet.

Eye contact

People (73)_______ to make an intermittent eye contact in a conversation.

Considering intense prolonged eye contact unacceptable, Japanese won’t look another person in the eye.

Smiling

It’s normal for Americans to smile when they meet and greet.

In Korean, people seldom smile in public because it represents (74)_______.

Pointing

Most Americans often point at an object or another person (76)_______ native Americans.

Chinese always try to (75)_______ pointing with a finger because it’s a rude manner.

Personal space

Americans (77)_______ to keep a three-to-four-foot distance when they are with  casual and business acquaintances.

It’s almost (78)_______ in China.

(79)_______

People behave great differently in different culture and knowing the differences of body language may be (80)_______ when you travel abroad.

 

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科目：高中英語 來源：江蘇省0910學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末考試（英語） 題型：閱讀理解

When former American President Bill Clinton travelled to South Korea to visit President Kim Young Sam, he repeatedly referred to the Korean president's wife as Mrs. Kim. By mistake, President Clinton’ s advisers thought that Koreans have the same naming customs as the Japanese. Clinton had not been told that, in Korea, wives keep their family names. President Kim Young Sam's wife was named Sohn Myong Suk. Therefore, she should be addressed (稱謂) as Mrs. Sohn.

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Mexican naming customs are different as well. When a woman marries, she keeps her family name and adds her husband's name after the word de (of). This affects how they fill in forms in the United States. When requested to fill in a middle name, they generally write the father's family name. But Mexicans are addressed by the family name of the mother. This often causes puzzlement.

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67. The story of Bill Clinton is used to__________.                         

A. improve US-Korean relations                     B. introduce the topic of the text

C. describe his visit to Korea                        D. tell us how to address a person

68. The word "gears" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to_______.             

A. action plans                                            B. naming customs    

C. travel maps                                             D. thinking patterns

69. When a woman marries in Korea, she ___________.                       

A. continues to use her family name                      B. uses her husband's given name

C. shares her husband's family name                 D. adds her husband's given name to hers

70. To address a married woman properly, you'd better______.                  

A. use her middle name                   B. use her husband's first name

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Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don't know where they should go next.

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　C. More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.

　D. Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.

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　A. the young are less tolerant of discomforts

　B. the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S.

　C. the Japanese endure more than ever before

　D. the Japanese appreciate their present life

 

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