【題目】Direction: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main file of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Declining mental function is often seen as a problem of old age, but certain aspects of brain function actually begin their decline in young adulthood, a new study suggests.

The study, which followed more than 2,000 healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 60, found that certain mental functions—including measures of abstract reasoning, mental speed and puzzle-solving—started to dull as early as age 27. Dips in memory, meanwhile, generally became apparent around age 37.

On the other hand, indicators of a person’s accumulated knowledge—like performance on tests of vocabulary and general knowledge—kept improving with age, according to the findings published in the journal Neurobiology of Aging. The results do not mean that young adults need to start worrying about their memories. Most people’s minds function at a high level even in their later years, according to researcher Timothy Salthouse.

“These patterns suggest that some types of mental flexibility decrease relatively early in adulthood, but that the amount of knowledge one has, and the effectiveness of integrating it with one’s abilities, may increase throughout all of adulthood if there are no diseases,” Salthouse said in a news release.

The study included healthy, educated adults who took standard tests of memory, reasoning and perception at the outset and at some point over the next seven years. The tests are designed to detect subtle (細(xì)微的) changes in mental function, and involve solving puzzles, recalling words and details from stories, and identifying patterns in collections of letters and symbols. In general, Salthouse and his colleagues found, certain aspects of cognition (認(rèn)知能力) generally started to decline in the late 20s to 30s. The findings shed light on normal age-related changes in mental function, which could aid in understanding the process of dementia (癡呆), according to the researchers.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【答案】Brain function may start declining in early adulthood, but knowledge accumulation will make up for the loss of certain mental capacities. The study was carried out over seven years by asking healthy, educated young adults to take standard tests about different aspects of cognition. The findings may help understand the process of dementia.

【解析】

本篇書面表達(dá)是概要寫作，注意詞數(shù)要求和使用自己的語言。

概要寫作是概括文章要點(diǎn)。

第一步，要讀懂文章大意；

第二步，抓住主題句或關(guān)鍵信息，忽略次要信息。結(jié)合文章，根據(jù)第一段中的“but certain aspects of brain function actually begin their decline in young adulthood”可知，大腦功能的某些方面實(shí)際上在成年早期就開始衰退，再根據(jù)第三段中的“indicators of a person’s accumulated knowledge—like performance on tests of vocabulary and general knowledge—kept improving with age”及“The results do not mean that young adults need to start worrying about their memories.”可知，一個人知識積累隨著年齡的增長而不斷提高，這意味著年輕人不必?fù)?dān)心他們的記憶力，概括為：大腦功能可能在成年早期開始衰退，但知識的積累將彌補(bǔ)某些心智能力的喪失（Brain function may start declining in early adulthood, but knowledge accumulation will make up for the loss of certain mental capacities.）；根據(jù)最后一段中的“The study included healthy, educated adults who took standard tests of memory, reasoning and perception at the outset and at some point over the next seven years.”可知，這項(xiàng)研究包括健康、受過教育的成年人，他們在研究開始時以及未來7年的某個時候接受了記憶、推理和感知方面的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測試，要點(diǎn)為：這項(xiàng)研究歷時7年，要求健康、受過教育的年輕人參加有關(guān)認(rèn)知不同方面的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測試（The study was carried out over seven years by asking healthy, educated young adults to take standard tests about different aspects of cognition.）；根據(jù)最后一段中的“The findings shed light on normal age-related changes in mental function, which could aid in understanding the process of dementia”可知，研究結(jié)果揭示了與年齡有關(guān)的正常心理功能變化，這有助于理解癡呆癥的發(fā)病過程，要點(diǎn)為：這些發(fā)現(xiàn)可能有助于理解癡呆癥的過程（the findings may help understand the process of dementia.）。

第三步，靈活運(yùn)用語言，對關(guān)鍵信息進(jìn)行改編。

第四部，添加有效連接成分，使概要結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。

練習(xí)冊系列答案
相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：

【題目】假設(shè)你叫李華，是你班上的英語課代表。為了弘揚(yáng)中國傳統(tǒng)文化，你校藝術(shù)俱樂部準(zhǔn)備舉辦一次關(guān)于“國畫（Chinese painting）”的講座。你班外籍教師Peter對國畫很感興趣，給你發(fā)來郵件詢問本次講座的情況。請給Peter回復(fù)一封邀請信，內(nèi)容包括：

講座目的；

講座內(nèi)容；

講座時間和地點(diǎn)；

邀請Peter參加。

注意： 1.參考詞匯 弘揚(yáng) promote

2. 詞數(shù)120左右；

3. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

4. 發(fā)言稿的開頭與結(jié)束語已為你寫好（不計入總詞數(shù)）。

Dear Peter,

——————————————————————————————————————————————

——————————————————————————————————————————————

——————————————————————————————————————————————

——————————————————————————————————————————————

——————————————————————————————————————————————

————————————————————————————————————

Yours

Lihua

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：

【題目】假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

Once, a man got on a bus to New York. Because he did not want to pay, so he hid in the toilet. But a passenger saw her. She tapped the person in front of her on the shoulder and say, “There’s a bum (流浪漢) in toilet. Tell the bus driver.” The message was passing on from person to person. But somewhere along the way, it was changed. The bus driver told that there was a bomb in the toilet. He immediate stopped the bus and telephoned the police.

When the police came, they told the passengers to get off the bus or stay far away. Then they closed the highway. As a result, a traffic jam of 15 mile long was soon caused. In the help of a dog, the police searched for two hours. Of course they found no bomb.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：

【題目】Sputnik Ⅰ was the first artificial satellite.It can be described as an aluminium ball with diameter (直徑) of 58 centimetres and weighing 83.6 kilograms, equipped with instruments to measure the temperature and the density (密度) of the atmosphere.Sputnik Ⅰ was launched into orbit around the Earth by the former Soviet Union on 4 October, 1957.Since then, hundreds of artificial satellites have been launched, each with a different purpose.

Some artificial satellites are used for telecommunications, which enable us to make telephone calls to any part of the world, to see live television transmissions and to communicate via the Internet.Other artificial satellites are used for navigation (導(dǎo)航), so that people on Earth can know at any moment the position of an object, within a few metres.Others are weather satellites, launched to observe the state of the atmosphere and to follow the movement of the clouds as they gather.There are also military satellites, for the purpose of gathering information on the weapons and the troops in countries which may be unfriendly and also to indicate the launch of a missile (導(dǎo)彈)．

Each satellite has its own orbit which is selected according to its purpose.Communications satellites, for example, have a geostationary (與地球相對同步的) orbit.That is an orbit which turns at the same speed as the turning round of the Earth.Satellites used for weather forecasting pass over the two poles of the Earth.By doing so, a different part of the Earth’s surface is viewed on each successive orbit.All artificial satellites get the energy they need by huge solar panels which extend like wings.These are therefore controlled in such a way that they are always turned toward the Sun.

【1】The first manmade satellite was sent into space to ________.

A. do research on weather

B. communicate

C. show directions

D. broadcast TV programs

【2】Which kind of satellites has the same turning speed as the earth according to the passage?

A. Military satellites.

B. Weather satellites.

C. Satellites for communicating.

D. Experiment satellites.

【3】What’s the same character all satellites share?

A. Circling the earth at the same speed.

B. Providing useful information with the same purpose.

C. Having the same round shape with advanced instruments.

D. Getting energy from the Sun.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：

【題目】She seemed to be very tired, but if she could ______ for more than 5 minutes, she could break the record in the long-distance race.

A. take on B. hang on

C. work on D. depend on

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：

【題目】Directions: Read the following passage and choose the most suitable statement from A-F for each blank. There are two extra statements, which you do not need.

Life would be a lot sweeter if you were a memory athlete. Most of us however, are not wired that way. But don’t be discouraged: thanks to neuroplasticity, anyone can transcend their fallible memory. 【1】

There are a few relatively simple things a person can do to help improve their memory function. First up, the basics: the foundation of good memory is good health. 【2】

Then there are more deliberate approaches like practicing mnemonics. A mnemonic device is a trick designed to make remembering things easier. So instead of remembering to buy eggs, rice, apples and dog food, it might be easier to think of READ, which stands for rice, eggs, apples, and dog food. This is the acrostic method.

【3】 Let’s use the same shopping list as an example. Instead of focusing on the word ‘rice,’ this technique works by focusing on the image of rice thrown on the ground in a yard. For eggs, picture a hen pecking at the rice, followed by a nearby tree of apple blossoms, the petals falling around the hen, falling on a sleeping dog. Once the interconnected scene is created it’s a simple visual to ease your way around the halls of the grocery store with no list needed. This technique, where you base a memory around visual images, is more formally called ‘method of loci’.

A recent study published in Neuron has unearthed some interesting insights about the brains of competitive memorizers. The researchers invited 23 of the world’s top 50 memory athletes to have their brains scanned in rest states, and while performing memory tests, and matched each champion to a control participant. Anatomically, the scans showed there was no difference in brain structure or region size between the groups. 【4】 And what’s more, after they gave the ‘naive’ control group training in the method of loci, their neural connectivity began to look more like that of the pros.

A. What you're born with isn't what you're stuck with.

B. Where the difference was observed was in connectivity.

C. Another more complicated mnemonic technique is called a mind palace.

D. Training in method of loci can physically change the way a person remembers.

E. Eating and sleeping right will lead to optimal brain function, the flow-on effect of which is a better memory.

F. The improved memory observed after mnemonic training persists for as long as 4 months after training concludes.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：

【題目】 One of the things that I have learned during my time here is that Czech people are really good at celebrating and holding parties. Since I graduated this year, I have a lot of experience of seeing this first-hand. The greatest event for us was definitely the prom (畢業(yè)舞會) held for graduating students. Girls started arranging their gowns (禮服) a year beforehand. Graduating students also needed to give their “Midnight Surprise” (a group performance). One interesting thing was that students from every class were holding a huge colorful bag and people had to throw money into it. I didn’t get any sleep that night because we all went to an after-party with our teachers and friends.

At the end of April, we held the traditional activity called “The Last Ringing”, which lasted for two days. Every class had a theme and graduates wore different costumes. We prepared tasty desserts and food to sell. We broke into one classroom after another asking students to give us money, which might seem insane but it is part of the tradition.

By the end of May, we had already finished all of the final exams and we started preparing for the graduation ceremony. It was held in the conference hall (會場) in our school at five o’clock in the afternoon. Parents could come, too. We got our graduation certificate in a gray folder (文件夾) from our class teacher, and we also shook hands with the headmaster. When I received my certificate, I almost teared up-I didn’t want to say goodbye to them or to the school.

That wasn’t the last celebration though. After four days, our class invited all of our teachers to come to a farewell dinner at an Italian restaurant. We used all of the money we collected from the prom and “The Last Ringing” to order pizzas and champagne. We all talked and ate together.

A year ago, we were all complaining and hoping that high school would end. But I felt sad when the time finally came and it was over. We have officially left our school. I keep telling myself that everything has an ending. This journey was amazing. Although it has come to an end, I will always keep the memories I made close to my heart. I won’t ever forget them.

【1】What did the author find interesting about the Czech prom?

A.Boys and girls exchanged gifts.

B.Students were required to make gowns by themselves.

C.Students had to bring homemade food.

D.Students used a colorful bag to collect money.

【2】What does the underlined word “insane” mean?

A.Reasonable.B.Crazy.

C.Unusual.D.Wonderful.

【3】Which would the author probably agree with?

A.She is determined to apply to a Czech university.

B.She should have worked harder at school.

C.She values the wonderful memories from high school.

D.She prefers the farewell party over the “The Last Ringing”.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：

【題目】閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進(jìn)行續(xù)寫使之構(gòu)成一個完整的故事。

After the long， boring winter， kites everywhere couldn’t wait for the chance to go dance in the air， to tumble(翻跟斗) freely and to run after the sun. Every kite was excited but one.

The kite sat in the back of a closet, looking depressed and thin. His lines were so classic with a rag tail. But he didn't like flying. Actually, it was the belief that the higher the flight, the further the fall that scared the kite most of all.

The kite thought it wouldn't be long before his boy would burst into the closet to cart him away for another embarrassing public display. At that very moment, the closet door opened. The kite shrunk in defeat.

"Come on, "said the boy excitedly. "It's the perfect kite day. "He headed outside to play with the kite. As they came to the park there were kids everywhere flying kites that sailed gracefully high in the air. The boy pointed up, "Look, flying is easy! With fear the kite looked, it made him feel uneasy, although the spring breezes were heartily blowing.

The boy started running to get the kite going. He ran all through the park while other kids stared at his kite that dragged. . . and tumbled. . and scraped. He heard a boy laugh and another one joke， ＂That kite must either be stupid or broken. ” The boy hung his head and went back to his kite. Kneeling， he thoughtfully asked， ” You alright? Why don’t you fly?＂The boy’s tone was calm. ” Don’t you know how?＂he asked. “Are you afraid? With all of his pride， the kite tried to contest(反駁)it， but the look in his eyes told the boy he had guessed it.

They sat in silence for a moment. Then with a kind smile， the boy said，” It’s alright. Everyone gets frightened. Dad says that’s okay. And by facing fears boldly we can scare some away. ” The glimmer(微光) of hope that shone in the boy’s eyes made the kite decide to give flying another try.

注意: 1. 所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右

2. 至少使用5個短文中標(biāo)有下劃線的關(guān)鍵詞語;

3. 續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段開頭語已為你寫好;

4. 續(xù)寫完成后，請用下劃線標(biāo)出你所使用的關(guān)鍵詞語。

Paragraph 1:

The boy started running again to give the kite lift. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Paragraph 2:

The kite felt peaceful and delighted and new. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：

【題目】After ________ seemed a very long time, the badly-wounded soldier came back to life.

A. that B. it

C. which D. what

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習(xí)冊答案