20."Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday?"Lindsey whispers to Tori.
With her eyes shining,Tori brags,"You bet I did,Sean told me two days ago."
Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about?It just happened to be yours truly,Adam Freedmam.I can tell you that what they are saying is not nice and not even true.Still,Lindsey and Tori aren't very different from most students here at Linton High School,including me.Many of our conversations are gossip(閑話).I have noticed three effects of gossip:it can hurt people,it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction,and it can cause social pressures in a group.
An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about.Usually,gossip spreads information about a topic-breakups,trouble at home,even dropping out-that a person would rather keep secret.The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is,the juicier the gossip it makes.Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie.People often think of gossipers as harmless,but cruel lies can cause pain.
If we know that gossip can be harmful,then why do so many of us do it?The answer lies in another effect of gossip:the satisfaction it gives us.Sharing the latest rumor (傳言)can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don't.Similarly,hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the"in group."In other words,gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority.
Gossip also can have a third effect:it strengthens unwritten,unspoken rules about how people should act.Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group.Translated into high school terms,this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said,then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention.The do's and don'ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.
The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation.The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news,think about why you want to gossip and what effects your"juicy story"might have.
Passage outlineSupporting details
(71)Introductionto gossip●Gossip is a (72)commonphenomenon.Lindsey and Tori are not (73)alone/exceptionalwhen it comes to spreading gossip.
 
 
 
 
Three (74)effectsof
gossip
●Gossip can hurt the person (75)concerned/involved.
●Gossip often touches on embarrassing or shameful information,which a person prefers to keep (76)unknown/secret.
●The reason why many of us spread gossip is that it makes us (77)satisfiedand gives people a sense of belonging.
●Gossip strengthens unwritten,unspoken rules about how people should act.If the people around you laugh at what John wore or what Jane said,then you will(78)avoidwearing or saying something similar.
(79)Suggestions/Advice/Tipsfrom the
 author
●If you have a strong desire to spread the latest news,think (80)twice/carefully.
(1)Think about why you want to gossip.
(2)Think about what effects your"juicy story"might have.

分析 本文是一篇議論文.文章討論了傳言的危害和人們?yōu)槭裁聪矚g傳閑話.
傳閑話有三個(gè)方面的影響:一說閑話會(huì)傷害被談?wù)摰娜;二說閑話可以給人滿足感;三如果你和他們一樣傳閑話,你也會(huì)讓你吃到同樣的苦果.因此你下一次有傳播某個(gè)最新消息的時(shí)候,要考慮一下你為什么要這么做,你的消息會(huì)有什么影響.

解答 71.答案:Introduction. 主旨大意題.根據(jù)文章第一段可知本段主要對(duì)"閑話"做一個(gè)整體的引入和介紹,所以主旨大意是Introduction to gossip.        
72.答案:common.推理判斷題. 根據(jù)文章第一段中 Still,Lindsey and Tori aren't very different from most students here at Linton High School,including me.可知,說閑話是一種常見的現(xiàn)象,Lindsey and Tori 不是個(gè)例.common表示"常見的".      
73.答案:alone/exceptional.推理判斷題. 根據(jù)文章第一段中 Still,Lindsey and Tori aren't very different from most students here at Linton High School,including me.可知,說閑話是一種常見的現(xiàn)象,Lindsey and Tori 不是個(gè)例.a(chǎn)lone/exceptional表示"特例,單個(gè)的".       
74.答案:effects.推理判斷題.根據(jù)第一段末尾,和二,三和四段可知這幾段說的是  說閑話的影響,所以用effects表示"結(jié)果,影響".          
75.答案:concerned/involved.細(xì)節(jié)題.根據(jù)第二段第一句An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about可知說閑話會(huì)傷害被談?wù)摰娜,也就是與此事相關(guān)的人,所以用concerned/involved表示"與…有關(guān)的".        
76.答案:unknown/secret.細(xì)節(jié)題.根據(jù)第二段第二句Usually,gossip spreads information about a topic-breakups,trouble at home,even dropping out-that a person would rather keep secret 可知閑話的內(nèi)容往往是不愿意讓別人知道的,愿意保密的事,所以用unknown/secret表示"秘密".
77.satisfied.細(xì)節(jié)題.根據(jù)第三段第二句The answer lies in another effect of gossip:the satisfaction it gives us.可知說閑話可以給人滿足感,所以用satisfied表示"滿意的".   
78.答案:avoid.細(xì)節(jié)題.根據(jù)第四段倒數(shù)第二句  then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention可知如果你和他們一樣傳閑話,你也會(huì)讓你吃到同樣的苦果,所以用avoid表示"避免做".            
79.答案:Suggestions/Advice/Tips.主旨大意題.根據(jù)文章末段 的  The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news,think about why you want to gossip and what effects your"juicy story"might have. 可知你下一次有傳播某個(gè)最新消息的時(shí)候,要考慮一下你為什么要這么做,你的消息會(huì)有什么影響,所以本段是提出避免傳謠的建議,所以用Suggestions/Advice/Tips.     
80.答案:twice/carefully.推理判斷題.根據(jù)上題可知你下一次有傳播某個(gè)最新消息的時(shí)候,要考慮一下你為什么要這么做,你的消息會(huì)有什么影響,所以本段是提出避免傳謠的建議,所以用think twice/carefully表示"仔細(xì)考慮".

點(diǎn)評(píng) 考查任務(wù)型閱讀.
這是一篇社會(huì)現(xiàn)象類閱讀,這種題型的解題技巧:
這類文章通過寫人記事來揭示文章的主題,顯示其社會(huì)意義,一般采用順序或倒敘來敘述.題目經(jīng)常是一些細(xì)節(jié)問題.考查的方面可以是原因和其中引發(fā)的思考.閱讀這類文章要理清思路.

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