Question

4．China has announced it's abolishing its one-child policy．What difference has it made，statistically speaking？
400 million births prevented
The one-child policy，officially in place since 1979，has prevented 400 million births．Parents have faced fines and other punishments for having more children．
The majority of the decrease in China's fertility rate happened in the 1970s．It dropped from 5.8 children per woman in 1970 to 2.7 in 1978．Despite the one-child policy the rate had only fallen to 1.7 by 2013．
21：28-baby deaths rate
Since the one-child policy was introduced，baby girls have become more likely to die than boys．
In the 1970s，according to the United Nations，60 males per 1，000 live births died under the age of one．For girls the figure was 53．In the 1980s，after the one-child policy became official，the rate for both was 36．By the 1990s，26 males per 1，000 live births died before the age of one-and 33 girls．The 2000s saw 21 boys per 1，000 live births dying and 28 girls．
1.16 boys born for every girl
Sexually selective abortions have been considered as a major cause of China's unusual imbalance．
Gietel-Basten，associate professor in social policy at Oxford University，says the births of many girls are not registered if parents have broken the rule by having two children，adding officials often turn a blind eye．It's estimated there are now 33 million more men than women in China．
4：2：1 families
With the ageing of China's population and the continuation of the one-child policy，a"4：2：1"home is the description given to households in which there are four grandparent，cared for by two working age parents，who themselves have one child．
By 2050，it's predicted that a quarter of China's population will be 65 or older．The predicted decline in the number of people of working age is thought to have persuaded the government to drop the one-child policy．
21．When was the baby deaths rate for both boys and girls equal？B
A．In the 1970s．B．In the 1980s．C．In the 1990s．D．In the 2000s
22．What makes the one-child policy abolished according to the passage？D
A．The decline of birth rate．B．The rise of baby deaths rate．
C．The change of family structure．D．The decline of working age people．
23．The passage sums up the one child policy byA．
A．number           B．example         C．contrast        D．a(chǎn)nalysis．

Answer 1

分析 本文通過四組數(shù)字回看我國(guó)的獨(dú)生子女政策．這四組數(shù)字是：少生了4億；男女嬰兒的死亡率是21比28；男女比例為1.16比1；4個(gè)老人2個(gè)年輕人1個(gè)孩子的家庭模式．

解答 21．B．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)21：28-baby deaths rate部分的第二段的"In the 1980s，afterthe one-child policy became official，the rate for both was 36"可知在上世紀(jì)80年代，獨(dú)生子女政策正式化后，兩者的比率均為36．所以男孩和女孩的死亡率相等是在20世紀(jì)80年代，故選B．
22．D．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章的最后一句The predicted decline in the number of people ofworking age is thought to have persuaded the government to drop the one-childpolicy．可知預(yù)測(cè)的勞動(dòng)年齡人口開始減少使政府放棄獨(dú)生子女政策．所以勞動(dòng)年齡人口的減少是廢除獨(dú)生子女政策的原因，故選D．
23．A．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．從全文分析尤其是每段的小標(biāo)題都使用數(shù)字，而且文章的第一段"statisticallyspeaking從統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)上講"也表明本文是通過數(shù)字來總結(jié)獨(dú)生子女政策的，故選A．

點(diǎn)評(píng) 本文是政治經(jīng)濟(jì)類閱讀，文章所設(shè)試題主要考查細(xì)節(jié)查找，做題關(guān)鍵是找出原文的根據(jù)，認(rèn)真核查題意原文的異同，對(duì)于不能直接找到根據(jù)的小題注意根據(jù)相關(guān)信息，進(jìn)行推理分析．