Louis Pasteur, the famous French chemist and bacteriologist, invented "pasteurization". In 1854 Pasteur was made head of the department of science at the University of Lille, and it was there that he made one of his most famous discoveries. Lille was a major centre for wine and beer-making, and some of the local wine-makers asked Pasteur if he could help solve the problem of keeping wine fresh. At that time, it was believed that food and drinks go "bad" due to a purely chemical process （變化過程）. But during a series of experiments Pasteur proved that tiny living organisms （微生物） caused food and drinks to go bad, In the case of wine and beer the organisms are already present in' the form of the various yeasts （酵母） that caused the fermentation （發(fā)酵） process. Pasteur discovered that heating the wine gently for a few minutes after it had fermented would kill off the yeast that was left in the wine, with the result that the wine would remain fresh for much longer. He also proved that food and drinks could be turned bad by other organisms that were present in the air, and that they too would keep fresh much longer if they were kept in airtight containers.
The heating process was so successful that it made Pasteur famous. It was named "pasteurization" in his honour, and by about 1900 it had been widely used for processing and bottling cows' milk. The result was a huge drop in the number of bottle-fed babies dying from infant diarrhea （嬰兒腹瀉） and from that time on it has been a standard treatment for milk and many other food products. This simple process has saved thousands, possibly millions, of lives worldwide.
1Pasteur became in 1854.
A. the chairperson of the science department at the University of Lille
B. the director of a chemical laboratory at the University of Lille
C. the general manager of a large beer-making company
D. the president of the University of Lille
2 According to the passage, Lille was a major centre for in the mid-19th century.
A. growing grain crops B. making beer and wine
C. doing chemical research D. producing various kinds of yeasts
3 In the last sentence of paragraph 1, the underlined word "they" refers to______.
A. wine and beer B. food and drinks
C. the various yeasts D. other organisms
4. We can infer from the passage that Pasteur's discovery______.
A. is no longer widely used for treating milk and other food products
B. did not bring much profit to the wine makers in Lille
C. has done a lot of good to childcare in the world
D. has greatly reduced the number of wars in the world
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啟東小題作業(yè)本系列答案科目：高中英語 來源：2014屆浙江紹興第一中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期回頭考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
You hear the comment all the time: the U.S. economy looks good by figures, but it doesn’t feel good. Why doesn’t ever-greater wealth promote ever-greater happiness? It is a question that dates at least to the appearance in 1958 of The Wealthy Society by John Kenneth Galbraith, who died recently at 97.
The Wealthy Society is a modern classic because it helped describe a new moment in the human condition. For most of history, “hunger, sickness, and cold” threatened nearly everyone, Galbraith wrote. “Poverty was found everywhere in that world. Obviously it is not of ours.” After World War II, the fear of another Great Depression gave way to an economic growth. By the 1930s unemployment had averaged 18.2 percent; in the 1950s it was 4.5 percent.
To Galbraith, materialism had gone mad and would cause discontent. Through advertising, companies conditioned consumers to buy things they didn’t really want or need. Because so much spending was artificial, it would be unsatisfying. Meanwhile, government spending that would make everyone better off was being cut down because people wrongly considered government only as “a necessary bad.”
It’s often said that only the rich are getting ahead; everyone else is standing still or falling behind. Well, there are many undeserving rich — overpaid chief managers, for instance. But over any meaningful period, most people’s incomes are increasing. From 1995 to 2004, people feel “squeezed” because their rising incomes often don’t satisfy their rising wants — for bigger homes, more health care, more education, and faster Internet connections.
The other great disappointment is that it has not got rid of insecurity. People regard job stability as part of their standard of living. As company unemployment increased, that part has gradually become weaker. More workers fear they’ve become “the disposable American,” as Louis Uchitelle puts it in his book by the same name.
Because so much previous suffering and social conflict resulted from poverty, the arrival of widespread wealth suggested utopian (烏托邦式的) possibilities. Up to a point, wealth succeeds. There is much less physical suffering than before. People are better off. Unfortunately, wealth also creates new complaints.
Advanced societies need economic growth to satisfy the multiplying wants of their citizens. But the search for growth cause new anxieties and economic conflicts that disturb the social order. Wealth sets free the individual, promising that everyone can choose a unique way to self-accomplishment. But the promise is so unreasonable that it leads to many disappointments and sometimes inspires choices that have anti-social consequences, including family breakdown. Figures indicate that happiness has not risen with incomes.
Should we be surprised? Not really. We’ve simply confirmed an old truth: the seeking of wealth does not always end with happiness.
1.The Wealthy Society is a book ______.
A. about previous suffering and social conflict in the past
B. written by Louis Uchitelle who died recently at 97
C. indicating that people are becoming worse off
D. about why happiness does not rise with wealth
2. Why do people feel“squeezed”when their average income rises considerably?
A. They think there are too many overpaid rich.
B. There is more unemployment in modern society.
C. Their material demands go faster than their earnings.
D. Health care and educational cost have somehow gone out of control.
3. What has wealth brought to American society?
A. Stability and security.
B. Materialism and content.
C. A sense of self-accomplishment.
D. New anxiety, conflicts and complaints.
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科目：高中英語 來源：2012-2013學(xué)年浙江寧波市高考模擬英語卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
You hear the comment all the time: the U.S. economy looks good by figures, but it doesn’t feel good. Why doesn’t ever-greater wealth promote ever-greater happiness? It is a question that dates at least to the appearance in 1958 of The Wealthy Society by John Kenneth Galbraith, who died recently at 97.
The Wealthy Society is a modern classic because it helped describe a new moment in the human condition. For most of history, “hunger, sickness, and cold” threatened nearly everyone, Galbraith wrote. “Poverty was found everywhere in that world. Obviously it is not of ours.” After World War II, the fear of another Great Depression gave way to an economic growth. By the 1930s unemployment had averaged 18.2 percent; in the 1950s it was 4.5 percent.
To Galbraith, materialism had gone mad and would cause discontent. Through advertising, companies conditioned consumers to buy things they didn’t really want or need. Because so much spending was artificial, it would be unsatisfying. Meanwhile, government spending that would make everyone better off was being cut down because people wrongly considered government only as “a necessary bad.”
It’s often said that only the rich are getting ahead; everyone else is standing still or falling behind. Well, there are many undeserving rich — overpaid chief managers, for instance. But over any meaningful period, most people’s incomes are increasing. From 1995 to 2004, people feel “squeezed” because their rising incomes often don’t satisfy their rising wants — for bigger homes, more health care, more education, and faster Internet connections.
The other great disappointment is that it has not got rid of insecurity. People regard job stability as part of their standard of living. As company unemployment increased, that part has gradually become weaker. More workers fear they’ve become “the disposable American,” as Louis Uchitelle puts it in his book by the same name.
Because so much previous suffering and social conflict resulted from poverty, the arrival of widespread wealth suggested utopian (烏托邦式的) possibilities. Up to a point, wealth succeeds. There is much less physical suffering than before. People are better off. Unfortunately, wealth also creates new complaints.
Advanced societies need economic growth to satisfy the multiplying wants of their citizens. But the search for growth cause new anxieties and economic conflicts that disturb the social order. Wealth sets free the individual, promising that everyone can choose a unique way to self-accomplishment. But the promise is so unreasonable that it leads to many disappointments and sometimes inspires choices that have anti-social consequences, including family breakdown. Figures indicate that happiness has not risen with incomes.
Should we be surprised? Not really. We’ve simply confirmed an old truth: the seeking of wealth does not always end with happiness.
1.The Wealthy Society is a book ______.
A．a(chǎn)bout previous suffering and social conflict in the past
B．written by Louis Uchitelle who died recently at 97
C．indicating that people are becoming worse off
D．a(chǎn)bout why happiness does not rise with wealth
2.According to Galbraith, people feel discontented because ______.
A．materialism has run wild in modern society
B．they are in fear of another Great Depression
C．public spending hasn’t been cut down as expected
D．the government has proved to be necessary but ugly
3.Why do people feel“squeezed”when their average income rises considerably?
A．They think there are too many overpaid rich.
B．There is more unemployment in modern society.
C．Their material demands go faster than their earnings.
D．Health care and educational cost have somehow gone out of control.
4.What does Louis Uchitelle mean by “the disposable American” ?
A．People with a stable job.
B．Workers who no longer have secure jobs.
C．Those who see job stability as part of their living standard.
D．People who have a sense of security because of their rising incomes.
5.What has wealth brought to American society?
A．Stability and security.
B．Materialism and content.
C．A sense of self-accomplishment.
D．New anxiety, conflicts and complaints.
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科目：高中英語 來源：2012-2013學(xué)年浙江省樂清市高三第四次月考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解
You hear the comment all the time: the U.S. economy looks good by figures, but it doesn’t feel good. Why doesn’t ever-greater wealth promote ever-greater happiness? It is a question that dates at least to the appearance in 1958 of The Wealthy Society by John Kenneth Galbraith, who died recently at 97.
The Wealthy Society is a modern classic because it helped describe a new moment in the human condition. For most of history, “hunger, sickness, and cold” threatened nearly everyone, Galbraith wrote. “Poverty (貧窮) was found everywhere in that world. Obviously it is not of ours.” After World War II, the fear of another Great Depression gave way to an economic growth. In the 1930s unemployment had averaged 18.2 percent; in the 1950s it was 4.5 percent.
To Galbraith, materialism (物質(zhì)主義) had gone mad and would cause discontent. Through advertising, companies conditioned consumers to buy things they didn’t really want or need. Because so much spending was artificial, it would be unsatisfying. Meanwhile, government spending that would make everyone better off was being cut down because people wrongly considered government only as “a necessary bad.”
It’s often said that only the rich are getting ahead; everyone else is standing still or falling behind. Well, there are many undeserving rich — overpaid chief managers, for instance. But over any meaningful period, most people’s incomes are increasing. From 1995 to 2004, people feel “squeezed” because their rising incomes often don’t satisfy their rising wants — for bigger homes, more health care, more education, and faster Internet connections.
The other great disappointment is that it has not got rid of insecurity. People regard job stability as part of their standard of living. As company unemployment increased, that part has gradually become weaker. More workers fear they’ve become “the disposable American,” as Louis Uchitelle puts it in his book by the same name.
Because so much previous suffering and social conflict resulted from poverty, the arrival of widespread wealth suggested utopian (烏托邦式的) possibilities. Up to a point, wealth succeeds. There is much less physical suffering than before. People are better off. Unfortunately, wealth also creates new complaints.
Advanced societies need economic growth to satisfy the multiplying wants of their citizens. But the search for growth cause new anxieties and economic conflicts that disturb the social order. Wealth sets free the individual, promising that everyone can choose a unique way to self-accomplishment. But the promise is so unreasonable that it leads to many disappointments and sometimes inspires choices that have anti-social consequences, including family breakdown. Figures indicate that happiness has not risen with incomes.
Should we be surprised? Not really. We’ve simply confirmed an old truth: the seeking of wealth does not always end with happiness.
1.The Wealthy Society is a book ________.
A．a(chǎn)bout poverty in the past
B．written by Louis Uchitelle
C．indicating that people are becoming worse off
D．a(chǎn)bout why happiness does not rise with wealth
2.According to Galbraith, people feel discontented because ________.
A．materialism has run wild in modern society
B．they are in fear of another Great Depression
C．public spending hasn’t been cut down as expected
D．the government has proved to be necessary but ugly
3.Why do people feel“squeezed”when their average income rises considerably?
A．They think there are too many overpaid rich.
B．There is more unemployment in modern society.
C．Their material demands go faster than their earnings.
D．Health care and educational cost have somehow gone out of control.
4.What does Louis Uchitelle mean by “the disposable American” ?
A．People with a stable job.
B．Workers who no longer have secure jobs.
C．Those who see job stability as part of their living standard.
D．People who have a sense of security because of their rising incomes.
5.What has wealth brought to American society?
A．Stability and security.
B．Materialism and content.
C．A sense of self-accomplishment.
D．New anxiety, conflicts and complaints.
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科目：高中英語 來源：2012年新課標版高中英語選修七 Unit5練習(xí)卷（解析版） 題型：完型填空
The popular Korean male artist Rain swept through Asia recently, gaining popularity among both male and female fans. 36 his popularity, Pepsi(百事可樂), which did not 37 to offer any Korean artist the opportunity to be one of its ambassadors (大使), has changed their mind. They now have 38 Rain to be its new “blue blood(藍血家族)” and have offered him a high price.
For the past two years, Pepsi has 39 an enormous amount of money in signing up world popular mega stars to be the company’s ambassadors. They 40 soccer star David Beckham, Taiwan popular Idols F4, Jay Chou, Hong Kong star Edison Chen, Nicholas Tse, Louis Koo etc. Now with the 41 rising of Korean star Rain, Pepsi was quick to put him on its 42.
According to sources, Pepsi has recently sent a(an) 43 to Korea to discuss details with Rain and they are about to 44 a contract. When a reporter called Ms Li to verify this matter, she didn’t deny it, and 45 that “At this point, we can’t reveal anything”. Also according to sources, Pepsi will be the sponsor of Rain’s October 46 in Hong Kong, but Rain’s Hong Kong manager Ms Chan Ka Ying 47 , “At this moment, it’s not 48 to talk about this. There will be an announcement shortly!”
49 the old Chinese saying goes: “One mountain cannot be ruled by two tigers”, Pepsi has somehow created an internal 50 between Rain and Jay Chou. Rain’s popularity is rising and he has the 51 “single eye-lid” feature as Jay, whose status has somehow been 52. There’s a rumour that the skin product brand DHC is intending to 53 their ambassador from Jay to Rain, in order to capture the Korean, Japanese, Chinese 54.
Rain’s recent Beijing concert was a tremendous hit, 55 in “Korean Fever” in Mainland China.
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科目：高中英語 來源：2011-2012學(xué)年浙江省高三上學(xué)期期中考試英語試題 題型：閱讀理解
He almost didn’t see the old lady, stranded on the side of the road, but even in the dim light of day, he could see she needed help. So he pulled up in front her Mercedes and got out.
Even with the smile on his face, she was worried. No one had stopped to help for the last hour or so. Was he going to hurt her? He didn’t look safe; he looked poor and hungry. He could see that she was frightened, standing out there in the cold. He knew how she felt.
He said, “I am here to help you, ma’am. Why don’t you wait in the car where it’s warm? By the way, my name is Bryan Anderson.”
Well, all she had was a flat tire, but for an old lady, that was bad enough. Bryan crawled under the car looking for a place to put the jack, skinning his knuckles a time or two. Soon he was able to change the tire. But he had to get dirty and his hands hurt.
As he was tightening up the lug nuts, she rolled down the window and began to talk to him. She told him that she was from St. Louis and was just passing through. She couldn’t thank him enough for coming to her aid.
Bryan just smiled as he closed her trunk. The lady asked how much she owed him. Any amount would have been all right with her. She already imagined all the awful things that could have happened, had he not stopped. Bryan never thought twice about being paid. This was not a job to him. This was helping someone in need, and God knows there were many people who had given him a hand in the past. He had lived his whole life that way, and it never occurred to him to act any other way.
He told her that if she really wanted to pay him back, the next time she saw someone who needed help, she could give that person the assistance they needed, and Bryan added, “And think of me.”
He waited until she started her car and drove off. It had been a cold and depressing day, but he felt good as he headed for home, disappearing into the twilight.
1.This story most probably took place_______.
A. in a garage B. on a highway C. in a busy street D. near a gas station
2.When the man approached the old lady, the first thing he did was to______.
A. ask what was wrong with her car B. get the old lady out of her car
C. change her tire as soon as possible D. make her know he wanted to help her
3.The underlined part in Paragraph 6 suggests that________.
A. the old lady had got ready to pay the man
B. the old lady was grateful to the man
C. the man had a lot of difficulty changing the tire
D. the man didn’t stop changing the tire
4.Which of the following words can best describe the man?
A. Warm-hearted and sensitive. B. Careful and serious.
C. Thoughtful and helpful. D. Generous and open-minded.
5. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ______________.
A. the man was happy after helping the old lady
B. the man received a lot of money from the old lady
C. the man made the old lady feel cold and depressed
D. the man felt extremely frustrated all the way home
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