DID you get a flu shot this year? For the first time, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the US is recommending that all children aged from 6 months to 18 years receive the flu vaccine.

Vaccines battle diseases caused by bacteria and viruses. A weakened form of the germ (微生物) is introduced into the body. The body makes special substances called antibodies to fight the germs. If the actual germs were to attack, the antibodies would fight it.

       Because there are many kinds of flu viruses, scientists must create a new vaccine  formula (方程式) each year. Researchers must make a prediction.

It is like forecasting the weather. Sometimes they are right on, and sometimes they are off. But even when the vaccine does not closely match circulating flu types, it can make the illness less serious.

 "The flu vaccine is not as effective as the polio (小兒麻痹癥) vaccine or the measles vaccine," says Dr William Schaffner of Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. "It's not a great vaccine, but it is quite a good vaccine."

But a flu vaccine doesn't work for everyone. There are certain people who should be careful about taking it.

Because the vaccine is produced in eggs, those who are allergic (過敏的) to eggs should not take it. If you have a fever, you should wait until you recover.

Some people are afraid that they might get the flu from the flu shot. Scientists say that it is not possible, because the viruses in the flu shot are inactivated. But some minor side effects such as low-grade fever and body ache could occur. If they do, they begin soon after the shot and usually last only one to two days.

Did you know?

Smallpox was the first disease people tried to prevent by putting a virus into a healthy person. In 1796, English scientist Edward Jenner placed some infected (被感染的) material under a boy's skin.

 

61. Which of the following is the proper definition of "vaccine"?   

A. virus used for fighting against disease.

B. Antibodies to fight germs.

C. Formula to fight against disease.

D. Substance containing virus used for protecting people against diseases.

62. By saying "It's not a great vaccine, but  it  is  quite  a  good  vaccine",  the  author  means the flu vaccine               .  

A. is not as effective as the polio and measles vaccines

B. is not effective, compared with the polio and measles vaccines

C. does help to make illness less serious

D. is quite good because it works for everyone

63. We can infer from the passage that               .   

A. those who are allergic to eggs should not take flu vaccine

B. all the flu vaccines are not effective for everyone

C. you should go to a doctor if you have a fever or body ache after taking the flu vaccine

D. it is possible that some people might get the flu from the flu shot

64. It is not advisable for everyone to take flu vaccine because               .   

A. there are many kinds of virus

B. the flu vaccine is not as effective as the polio and measles vaccines

C. someone may be allergic to it

D. it has some minor side-effects

65. What topic will be discussed in the following paragraph?   

A. What kind of people should be careful about taking smallpox vaccine.

B. The side-effects of smallpox vaccine.

C. The origin of the flu vaccine.

D. How the smallpox vaccine worked on the boy.          

 

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