Question

【題目】Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

How do Cigarettes Affect the Body?

Cigarettes aren’t good for us. But how exactly do cigarettes harm us? Let’s look at what happens as their ingredients make their way through our bodies, and how we benefit 【1】 when we finally give up smoking.

Inside the airways and lungs, smoke increases the 【2】 of infections as well as long - lasting diseases. It does this by damaging the tiny hair - like tissues which keep the airways clean. That’s one of the reasons smoking can lead to oxygen loss and 【3】 of breath.

Within about 10 seconds, the bloodstream carries a stimulant called nicotine to the brain, creating the 【4】 sensations which make smoking highly addictive. Nicotine and other chemicals from the cigarette, at the same time, cause tightness of blood tubes, restricting blood flow. These effects on blood tubes lead to 【5】 of blood tube walls, increasing the possibility of heart attacks and strokes.

Many of the chemicals inside cigarettes can activate dangerous 【6】 in the body’s DNA that make cancers form. In fact, about one of every three cancer deaths in the United States is caused by smoking. And it’s not just lung cancer. Smoking can cause cancer in multiple tissues and organs, as well as damaged eyesight and 【7】 bones. It makes it harder for women to get pregnant. And in men, it can cause long-term damages of body functions.

But for those who quit smoking, there’s a huge positive upside with almost 【8】 and long-lasting physical benefits. A day after ceasing, heart attack risk begins to decrease as blood pressure and heart rates 【9】. Lungs become healthier after about one month, with less coughing. After ten years, the chances of developing fatal lung cancer go down by 50%, probably because the body’s ability to repair DNA is once again restored.

There’s no point pretending this is all easy to achieve. Quitting can lead to anxiety and depression. But fortunately, such effects are usually 【10】. Advice and support groups and moderate intensity exercise also help smokers stay cigarette - free. That’s good news, since quitting puts you and your body on the path back to health.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】G

【2】C

【3】I

【4】A

【5】E

【6】B

【7】K

【8】F

【9】J

【10】H

【解析】

本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了吸煙是如何影響我們的健康的。

【1】考查副詞。句意：讓我們看看當(dāng)它們的成分進(jìn)入我們身體時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生什么，以及當(dāng)我們最終戒煙時(shí)，我們是如何從身體上受益的。修飾動(dòng)詞benefit用副詞，根據(jù)“when we finally give up smoking.”可知此處表示“在身體上”，故填G。

【2】考查名詞。句意：在呼吸道和肺部，煙霧增加了感染和長(zhǎng)期疾病的可能性。做動(dòng)詞increases的賓語(yǔ)用名詞，根據(jù)“of infections as well as long - lasting diseases.”可知此處表示“可能性”，故填C。

【3】考查名詞。句意：這就是吸煙導(dǎo)致缺氧和呼吸急促的原因之一。做動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)lead to的賓語(yǔ)用名詞，根據(jù)“oxygen loss”可知此處表示“呼吸急促”，shortness of breath表示“呼吸急促”，故填I。

【4】考查形容詞。句意：在大約10秒鐘內(nèi)，血液中攜帶一種叫做尼古丁的興奮劑進(jìn)入大腦，產(chǎn)生令人愉悅的感覺(jué)，使吸煙非常上癮。修飾名詞sensations用形容詞，根據(jù)“which make smoking highly addictive”可知此處表示“令人愉悅的”，故填A。

【5】考查名詞。句意：這些對(duì)血管的影響會(huì)導(dǎo)致血管壁增厚，增加心臟病發(fā)作和中風(fēng)的可能性。做動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)lead to的賓語(yǔ)用名詞，根據(jù)“of blood tube walls, increasing the possibility of heart attacks and strokes.”可知此處表示“增厚”，故填E。

【6】考查名詞。句意：香煙中的許多化學(xué)物質(zhì)會(huì)激活人體DNA的危險(xiǎn)變化，從而導(dǎo)致癌癥的形成。做動(dòng)詞activate的賓語(yǔ)用名詞，根據(jù)“in the body’s DNA that make cancers form”可知此處表示“變化”，故填B。

【7】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：吸煙會(huì)導(dǎo)致多種組織和器官的癌癥，以及視力受損和骨骼衰弱。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合句意可知此處需要用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做定語(yǔ)修飾名詞bones，根據(jù)“damaged eyesight”可知此處表示“削弱的”，bones與weaken之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示被動(dòng)，用過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)，故填K。

【8】考查形容詞。句意：但對(duì)于那些戒煙的人來(lái)說(shuō)，這是一個(gè)巨大的、積極的方面，幾乎可以立竿見(jiàn)影地長(zhǎng)期受益。修飾名詞physical benefits用形容詞，根據(jù)空后說(shuō)的戒煙一天后血壓和心率開(kāi)始恢復(fù)正�？芍�此處表示“立即的”，故填F。

【9】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：戒煙一天后，隨著血壓和心率恢復(fù)正常，心臟病發(fā)作的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)開(kāi)始降低。此處缺少動(dòng)詞做謂語(yǔ)，根據(jù)“heart attack risk begins to decrease”可知此處表示“恢復(fù)正�！�，故填J。

【10】考查形容詞。句意：但幸運(yùn)的是，這種影響通常是暫時(shí)的。此處缺少形容詞做表語(yǔ)，空前說(shuō)戒煙會(huì)導(dǎo)致焦慮和抑郁，再根據(jù)“But fortunately”可知此處表示“暫時(shí)的”，故填H。