Question

【題目】閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A recent report published online explains an uncommon phenomenon why people from East Asia tend to have more trouble than those from Europe in identifying facial expressions.

Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly (均勻地) across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes.

“We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,” Jack said. “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth.”

According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations.

The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies.

It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did. “The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions,” Jack said. “Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less.”

In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation.

【1】The discovery shows that Westerners_________.

A. consider facial expressions universally reliable

B. pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth

C. observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways

D. have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions

【2】 What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 6 refer to?

A. The participants in the study.

B. The researchers of the study.

C. The errors made during the study.

D. The data collected from the study.

【3】 In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to_________.

A. do translation more successfully

B. study the mouth more frequently

C. examine the eyes more attentively

D. read facial expressions more correctly

【4】 What can be the best title for the passage?

A. The Eye as the Window to the Soul.

B. How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding.

C. Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills.

D. Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】A

【3】C

【4】D

【解析】

試題分析：本文通過一項(xiàng)研究告訴我們，東西方人關(guān)注別人面部表情方面的差異，東方人更關(guān)注眼神，西方人更為均衡。出現(xiàn)這一問題的主要原因在于東西方文化方面的差異。

【1】B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段第二句“Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth.”可知西方人更注意眼睛和嘴巴，而東方人更關(guān)注眼睛而忽略了嘴巴。故B項(xiàng)正確。

【2】A 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容可知研究人員對13名西方人和13名東方人進(jìn)行了研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)東方人犯的錯(cuò)誤更多，主要是因?yàn)闁|方人更多的關(guān)注眼睛。本句“The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions”參加研究的人表現(xiàn)出來的眼睛移動的文化差異反映在人們的面部表情方面的差異。所以they就是指這項(xiàng)研究中的參與者。故A正確。

【3】C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段最后一句“Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less.”可知東方人更在意對方的眼神。故C項(xiàng)正確。

【4】D 標(biāo)題概括題。本文通過一項(xiàng)研究告訴我們，東西方人關(guān)注別人面部表情方面的差異，東方人更關(guān)注眼神，西方人更為均衡。出現(xiàn)這一問題的主要原因在于東西方文化方面的差異。故D項(xiàng)正確。