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The African elephant, the largest land animal remaining on earth, is of great importance to African ecosystem(生態(tài)系統(tǒng)). Unlike other animals, the African elephant is to a great extent the builder of its environment. As a big plant-eater, it largely shapes the forest-and-savanna(大草原) surroundings in which it lives, therefore setting the terms of existence for millions of other animals that live in its habitat.
It is the elephant’s great desire for food that makes it a disturber of the environment and an important builder of its habitat. In its continuous search for the 300 pounds of plants it must have every day, it kills small trees and under-bushes, and pulls branches off big trees. This results in numerous open spaces in both deep tropical forests and in the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas. In these open spaces are numerous plants in various stages of growth that attract a variety of other plant-eaters.
Take the rain forests for example. In their natural state, the spreading branches overhead shut out sunlight and prevent the growth of plants on the forest floor. By pulling down trees and eating plants, elephants make open spaces, allowing new plants to grow on the forest floor. In such situations, the forests become suitable for large hoofed plant-eaters to move around and for small plant-eaters to get their food as well.
What worries scientists now is that the African elephant has become an endangered species. If the elephant disappears, scientists say, many other animals will also disappear from vast areas of forest and savanna, greatly changing and worsening the whole ecosystem.
【小題1】What does the underlined phrase “setting the terms” most probably mean?

A.Improving the quality.
B.Deciding the conditions.
C.Fixing the time.
D.Worsening the state.
【小題2】The passage is developed mainly by_________.
A.giving examples
B.showing the effect and then explaining the causes
C.pointing out similarities and differences
D.describing the changes in space order
【小題3】What is the passage mainly about?
A.Forests and savannas as habitats for African elephants.
B.The eating habit of African elephants.
C.Disappearance of African elephants
D.The effect of African elephants’ search for food
【小題4】What do we know about the open spaces in the passage?
A.They are home to many endangered animals.
B.They are attractive to plant-eating animals of different kinds.
C.They result from the destruction of rain forests.
D.They provide food mainly for African elephants.


【小題1】B
【小題2】B
【小題3】D
【小題4】B

解析試題分析:本文介紹大象對環(huán)境的影響,這主要是因為大象對食物的需求,對野生動植物都是有好處的,但科學(xué)家擔(dān)心近些年大象的數(shù)量在減少,可能也會影響到周圍的環(huán)境。
【小題1】猜詞題:從前面的句子:it largely shapes the forest-and-savanna(大草原) surroundings in which it lives,可知是“決定周圍的環(huán)境”的意思,選B
【小題2】文章結(jié)構(gòu)題:文章第一段講的是大象對環(huán)境的影響,后面解釋的是原因。選B
【小題3】主旨題:從第二段的句子:It is the elephant’s great desire for food that makes it a disturber of the environment and an important builder of its habitat.可知這篇文章講的是大象對食物的需求對環(huán)境造成的影響。選D
【小題4】細(xì)節(jié)題:從第三段的句子:In such situations, the forests become suitable for large hoofed plant-eaters to move around and for small plant-eaters to get their food as well.可知開闊的空間吸引了很多食草的動物。選B。
考點:考查科普環(huán)保類短文
點評:科普類短文中對學(xué)生的推理能力,推測下文題應(yīng)通過對文字表面的認(rèn)識,把握住推理范圍,利用相關(guān)部分提供的事實、背景知識和自己固有的綜合知識,保持正確的思維過程和遵循嚴(yán)格的邏輯規(guī)律,做出正確的推斷。還需要把上下文的意思聯(lián)系起來,弄懂前后句之間的邏輯關(guān)系。同時也要注意句子間或段落間的上下過渡,或呼應(yīng)的承接詞語的作用,包括連接詞、某些副詞及介詞短語等等。這些承接詞語往往被用來表示主題思想與輔助論點之間、輔助論點本身之間的聯(lián)系。我們可把它們看作信號詞,對我們的思維起著指示方向的作用。借助它們的提示,才可以準(zhǔn)確地分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和段落結(jié)構(gòu),分清層次,確定文章的主題思想和細(xì)節(jié)等等,然后推測出在這篇短文之后再需寫什么與上文有關(guān)的內(nèi)容。

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科目:高中英語 來源:2013屆山東省濟(jì)寧曲阜市高三上學(xué)期期中考試英語試卷(帶解析) 題型:閱讀理解


Ray Travers sat back at the large desk, and looked around his plush(豪華的)office.He was tired.
Ray's eyes stopped at a painting on the wall.It was a gift given by an old friend, Bull, as a farewell gift when he left his hometown.He recalled the life spent in that small town; pleasant times.The many hours he spent talking lo his good friend, and the tales he was told about hunting in the Africa of old.
Memories flowed back more than ten years; he remembered how he enjoyed hearing about the wonderful hunting, and how he wished he could have shared those times.
Ray opened his desk drawer and brought out a wooden box.He opened the lid and exposed a work of art, a hand-made hunting knife.This was a gift from Bull, given to Ray more than 20 years ago.It was one of the first knives Bull had made, and Ray had called it "Zambezi”, the river where Bull had been so many times.
He closed the box and sat upright at his desk; he was driving himself hard, and deserved a break.Things were going well with the business, everything running smoothly.He could afford a week off!
He went back home.A week in the hometown would be like going back in history."Man, it's going to be good," Ray said aloud, as he turned onto the highway and watched the city lights fast disappearing, as he looked in the rearview mirror.
It was well into the night when Ray pulled into an all-night gas station He walked around the gas station and the memories started …  He was finally back on the road, the powerful car going its way through the night, headlights piercing (穿透) the darkness.Memories danced through the man' s mind.Memories of good times , when he knew what it was to relax , to talk, and to really visit
Slowly entering town he looked around.Ray sat in his car, looking at the old building, smiling. Inside it was almost as though it was the same people as 15 years ago.
【小題1】We learn from the passage that Bull is                    

A.Ray's colleagueB.a(chǎn) man in Ray' s hometown
C.Ray's relative in AfricaD.a(chǎn)n African woodcarving artist
【小題2】What does the author mainly want to tell us in Paragraphs 2 -5?
A.Bull loved Africa and knew much about it.
B.Bull was good at making works of art.
C.Ray missed his hometown and relatives.
D.Ray missed the time he spent with Bull in his hometown.
【小題3】What do we know from the passage?
A.Ray visited Africa together with Bull many times.
B.Ray and Bull often went hunting together.
C.Zambezi is the name of a river in Hay a hometown.
D.Ray planned to stay in his hometown for about a week.
【小題4】What does the under lined part in Paragraph 7 mean?
A.Ray knew how to relax after keeping busy for along time.
B.Ray didn't want to leave his hometown because of so many memories.
C.Ray's hometown changed a lot and was worth a visit.
D.The visit to his hometown reminded Ray of the days together with Bull.
【小題5】What may the author talk about in the paragraph that follows the passage?
A.The hard time Ray experienced in his career.
B.Why Ray left his hometown alone.
C.The situation in Ray's hometown.
D.How Ray became a successful businessman.

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科目:高中英語 來源:2013屆河北省保定市高三上學(xué)期期末調(diào)研考試英語試卷(帶解析) 題型:閱讀理解

Ray Travers sat back at the large desk, and looked around his plush(豪華的)office.  He was tired
Ray's eyes stopped at a painting on the wall.  It was a gift given by an old friend,Bull,as a farewell gift when he left his hometown  He recalled the life spent in that small town; pleasant times.  The many hours he spent talking to his good friend, and the tales he was told about hunting in the Africa of old.
Memories flowed back more than ten years;  he remembered how he enjoyed hearing about the wonderful hunting,and how he wished he could have shared those times.
Ray opened his desk drawer and brought out a wooden box. He opened the lid and exposed a work of art,a hand-made hunting knife.  This was a gift from Bull,given to Ray more than 20 years ago.  It was one of the first knives Bull had made, and Ray had called it "Zambezi",the river where Bull had been so many times.
He closed the box and sat upright at his desk;he was driving himself hard, and deserved a break.  Things were going well with the business,everything running smoothly.  He could afford a week off!
He went back home.  A week in the hometown would be like going back in history. "Man, it's going to be good,”Ray said aloud,as he turned onto the highway and watched the city lights fast disappearing,as he looked in the rearview  mirror.  The powerful car going  its way through  the night,  headlights  piercing(穿透)the darkness.  Memories danced through the man's mind.  Memories of good times,when he knew what it was to relax, to talk,and to really visit.
Slowly entering town he looked around.  Ray sat in his car,  looking at the old building,smiling.  Inside it was almost as though it was the same people as 15 years ago.
【小題1】We learn from the text that __________.

A. Ray's old friend, Bull, is a painting artist
B. Ray visited Africa together with Bull many times
C. Ray and Bull often went hunting together
D. Ray left his hometown more than ten years ago
【小題2】Which of the following  words can best describe Ray's feeling about going back    home?
A. WorriedB. ExcitedC. CalmD. Nervous
【小題3】It can be inferred from the text that________.
A. Ray was a successful businessman
B. Ray had a hard time in the hometown
C. Ray's hometown was a small remote mountain village
D. Ray was the first promising young man in the hometown
【小題4】What may the author talk about in the paragraph that follows the text?
A. Ray's childhood spent in his hometown.
B. Why Ray left his hometown alone.
C. The situation in Ray's hometown.
D. How Ray went into business.

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科目:高中英語 來源:江蘇省南京市第一中學(xué)2010屆高三下學(xué)期模擬訓(xùn)練最后沖刺英語試題 題型:閱讀理解


From:
<joseph_yana@orange.net> 
IP Address:
193.252.22.118 (originates from France) 
Date:
Mon, 02-Feb-2009 09:37:04am 
Attachment:
(No attachment)
Subject:
[G-Spam] PLEASE REPLY BACK. 
Message:
CONFIDENTIAL BUSINESS PROPOSAL.
FROM THE DESK OF: MR. JOSEPH YANA.
AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (ADB)
BURKINA-FASO.
Dear Sir / Madam,
I am the Bill and Exchange (assistant) Manager of the Africa development Bank, MR. JOSEPH YANA.
In my department I discovered an abandoned sum of USD$9.900.000 in an account that belongs to one of our foreign customer who died along with his wife and two children in July 2000 in a plane crash. Since we got information about his death, we have been expecting his next of kin(近親屬) to come over and claim his money, but unfortunately we learnt that all his supposed next of kin or relation died alongside with him in the plane crash leaving nobody behind for the claim.
It is therefore upon this discovery that I in my department now decided to make this business proposals to you and release the money to you as next of kin or relation since nobody is coming for it and we don't want this money to go into the bank treasury as unclaimed fund. The banking law and guidelines here says that if such money remains unclaimed after ten years, the money will be transferred into the bank treasury.
The request of foreigner in this transaction is necessary because our late customer was a foreigner. We agree that 30% of this money will be for you as foreigner partner, 5% will be set aside for expenses incurred during the business and 65% would be for me, after which I shall visit your country for disbursement(開支) according to the percentages indicated. Therefore to enable the immediate transfer of this fund to you as arranged, you must apply first to the bank, and send your account number, your private telephone and fax number for easy and effective communication and location where the money will be sent.
Upon receiving your reply, I will send to you by fax or e-mail the text of the application which you shall retype and fax to us. Trusting to receive your urgent reply through my alternative Email : jyana96 @ yahoo.co.id
Best regards.
MR. JOSEPY YANA.
1. A foreigner who receives this letter should ________.
A. be a close relative of the dead.               B. send hundreds of dollars to Africa
C. go to African Development Bank for the wealth  D. not take it seriously.
2. Which of the following is true according to the text?
A. Many millionaires died in the plane crash.    B. Any money unclaimed will be given to a poor foreigner.
C. the division of the money seems quite reasonable. D. AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK doesn’t exist at all.
3. A person who believes “__________” will fall into it.
A. Nothing ventured, nothing gained.      B. There's no such thing as a free lunch.
C. All rivers run into the sea             D. A short cut is often a wrong cut

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科目:高中英語 來源:2013屆山東省濟(jì)寧曲阜市高三上學(xué)期期中考試英語試卷(解析版) 題型:閱讀理解

Ray Travers sat back at the large desk, and looked around his plush(豪華的)office.He was tired.

Ray's eyes stopped at a painting on the wall.It was a gift given by an old friend, Bull, as a farewell gift when he left his hometown.He recalled the life spent in that small town; pleasant times.The many hours he spent talking lo his good friend, and the tales he was told about hunting in the Africa of old.

Memories flowed back more than ten years; he remembered how he enjoyed hearing about the wonderful hunting, and how he wished he could have shared those times.

Ray opened his desk drawer and brought out a wooden box.He opened the lid and exposed a work of art, a hand-made hunting knife.This was a gift from Bull, given to Ray more than 20 years ago.It was one of the first knives Bull had made, and Ray had called it "Zambezi”, the river where Bull had been so many times.

He closed the box and sat upright at his desk; he was driving himself hard, and deserved a break.Things were going well with the business, everything running smoothly.He could afford a week off!

He went back home.A week in the hometown would be like going back in history."Man, it's going to be good," Ray said aloud, as he turned onto the highway and watched the city lights fast disappearing, as he looked in the rearview mirror.

It was well into the night when Ray pulled into an all-night gas station He walked around the gas station and the memories started …  He was finally back on the road, the powerful car going its way through the night, headlights piercing (穿透) the darkness.Memories danced through the man' s mind.Memories of good times , when he knew what it was to relax , to talk, and to really visit

Slowly entering town he looked around.Ray sat in his car, looking at the old building, smiling. Inside it was almost as though it was the same people as 15 years ago.

1.We learn from the passage that Bull is                    

A.Ray's colleague

B.a(chǎn) man in Ray' s hometown

C.Ray's relative in Africa

D.a(chǎn)n African woodcarving artist

2.What does the author mainly want to tell us in Paragraphs 2 -5?

A.Bull loved Africa and knew much about it.

B.Bull was good at making works of art.

C.Ray missed his hometown and relatives.

D.Ray missed the time he spent with Bull in his hometown.

3.What do we know from the passage?

A.Ray visited Africa together with Bull many times.

B.Ray and Bull often went hunting together.

C.Zambezi is the name of a river in Hay a hometown.

D.Ray planned to stay in his hometown for about a week.

4.What does the under lined part in Paragraph 7 mean?

A.Ray knew how to relax after keeping busy for along time.

B.Ray didn't want to leave his hometown because of so many memories.

C.Ray's hometown changed a lot and was worth a visit.

D.The visit to his hometown reminded Ray of the days together with Bull.

5.What may the author talk about in the paragraph that follows the passage?

A.The hard time Ray experienced in his career.

B.Why Ray left his hometown alone.

C.The situation in Ray's hometown.

D.How Ray became a successful businessman.

 

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科目:高中英語 來源:江蘇省南京市2010屆高三下學(xué)期模擬訓(xùn)練最后沖刺英語試題 題型:閱讀理解

 

From:

<joseph_yana@orange.net> 

IP Address:

193.252.22.118 (originates from France) 

Date:

Mon, 02-Feb-2009 09:37:04am 

Attachment:

(No attachment)

Subject:

[G-Spam] PLEASE REPLY BACK. 

Message:

CONFIDENTIAL BUSINESS PROPOSAL.

FROM THE DESK OF: MR. JOSEPH YANA.

AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (ADB)

BURKINA-FASO.

Dear Sir / Madam,

    I am the Bill and Exchange (assistant) Manager of the Africa development Bank, MR. JOSEPH YANA.

    In my department I discovered an abandoned sum of USD$9.900.000 in an account that belongs to one of our foreign customer who died along with his wife and two children in July 2000 in a plane crash. Since we got information about his death, we have been expecting his next of kin(近親屬) to come over and claim his money, but unfortunately we learnt that all his supposed next of kin or relation died alongside with him in the plane crash leaving nobody behind for the claim.

    It is therefore upon this discovery that I in my department now decided to make this business proposals to you and release the money to you as next of kin or relation since nobody is coming for it and we don't want this money to go into the bank treasury as unclaimed fund. The banking law and guidelines here says that if such money remains unclaimed after ten years, the money will be transferred into the bank treasury.

    The request of foreigner in this transaction is necessary because our late customer was a foreigner. We agree that 30% of this money will be for you as foreigner partner, 5% will be set aside for expenses incurred during the business and 65% would be for me, after which I shall visit your country for disbursement(開支) according to the percentages indicated. Therefore to enable the immediate transfer of this fund to you as arranged, you must apply first to the bank, and send your account number, your private telephone and fax number for easy and effective communication and location where the money will be sent.

    Upon receiving your reply, I will send to you by fax or e-mail the text of the application which you shall retype and fax to us. Trusting to receive your urgent reply through my alternative Email : jyana96 @ yahoo.co.id

    Best regards.

                                                     MR. JOSEPY YANA.

1. A foreigner who receives this letter should ________.

  A. be a close relative of the dead.               B. send hundreds of dollars to Africa

  C. go to African Development Bank for the wealth  D. not take it seriously.

2. Which of the following is true according to the text?

A. Many millionaires died in the plane crash.    B. Any money unclaimed will be given to a poor foreigner.

C. the division of the money seems quite reasonable. D. AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK doesn’t exist at all.

3. A person who believes “__________” will fall into it.

  A. Nothing ventured, nothing gained.      B. There's no such thing as a free lunch.

  C. All rivers run into the sea             D. A short cut is often a wrong cut

 

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