7．Make Up Your Mind to SucceedKind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure．The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because"everyone's a winner．"And their report cards sounded more positive than ever before．As a result，Stanford University professor Carol Dweck，PhD，calls them"the overpraised generation．"
Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years．Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mind-sets that have a great effect on how we react to it．Here's how they work：
A fixed mind-set is grounded in the belief that talent is genetic-you're a born artist，point guard，or numbers person．The fixed mind-set believes it's sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame．When things get difficult，it's quick to blame，lie，and even stay away from future difficulties．
On the other hand，a growth mind-set believes that no talent is entirely heaven-sent and that effort and learning make everything possible．Because the ego （自尊） isn't on the line as much，the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shame．When faced with a difficulty，it's quick to rethink，change and try again．In fact，it enjoys this experience．
We are all born with growth mind-sets．（Otherwise，we wouldn't be able to live in the world．） But parents，teachers，and instructors often push us into fixed mind-sets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise．Dweck's book，Mind-set：The New Psychology of Success，and online instructional program explain this in depth．But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children，grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure．
28．What does the author think about the present generation？D
A．They don't do well at school．
B．They are often misunderstood．
C．They are eager to win in sports．
D．They are given too much praise．
29．A fixed mind-set person is probably one whoC．
A．cannot share his ideas with others
B．cares a lot about personal safety
C．doesn't want to work hard
D．can succeed with the help of teachers
30．What does the growth mind-set believe？B
A．Admitting failure is shameful．
B．Getting over difficulties is enjoyable．
C．Scores should be highly valued．
D．Talent comes with one's birth．
31．What should parents do for their children based on Dweck's study？A
A．Encourage them to learn from failures．
B．Prevent them from making mistakes．
C．Guide them in doing little things．
D．Help them grow with praise．
分析 本文屬于說明文閱讀，作者通過這篇文章主要向我們描述了人們對于Afixed mind-set 和a growth mind-set的看法以及在教育方面的建議．
解答 28．D．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第一段The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because"everyone's a winner．"And their report cards sounded more positive than ever before．As a result，Stanford University professor Carol Dweck，PhD，calls them"the overpraised generation．"
．說明這是被過度表揚(yáng)的一代，故D正確．
29．C．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第三段The fixedmind-set believes it's sure to succeed without much effort and regards failureas personal shame．When things get difficult，it's quick to blame，lie，andeven stay away from future difficulties．說明他們認(rèn)為不努力也能成功，故C正確．
30．B．推理判斷題．根據(jù)第四段1，2行On the other hand，a growth mind-set believes that notalent is entirely heaven-sent and that effort and learning make everythingpossible．說明這樣的人認(rèn)為通過努力就可以取得成功．故B正確．
31．A．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章最后一段2，3行But parents，teachers，and instructors often push usinto fixed mind-sets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise．說明父母老師應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)他們．故A正確．
點(diǎn)評 本文是一個(gè)科教類閱讀，題目涉及多道細(xì)節(jié)理解題，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案．推理判斷題也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)．
