Question

【題目】 As people age, the body changes in all sorts of predictable ways. Brains can slow. Wounds take longer to recover. And sleep patterns (模式) shift, too. This can come as news to many, says Michael V. Vitiello, a psychologist at the University of Washington who is expert in sleep in aging.

The most noticeable—and often most annoying—changes are how sleep and wake-up times change and sleep gets lighter, often beginning in middle age. Gone are weekend sleep to 11 a.m. and the ability to sleep through a noisy garbage truck down the block. Older drivers take longer to fall asleep, and they wake up more often. They tend to stay in the deepest stages of sleep for less time than younger adults.

Studies have found that poor sleep can create a particular threat to older adults—Falls, depression and anxiety, problems with memory, and increased suicide (自殺) risk are among the effects of sleep issues in this population group that researchers have found. But scientists are still unsure why those risk connections exist.

What is clear is the connection between good sleep and psychological well-being in older adults. A 2010 study showed us that connection when it came to sleep quality, but sleep quantity didn't show the same effects.

Experts say this may be the key to understanding sleep as you age. If you're sleeping less, but don't feel negative effects out of bed, the changes you notice may just be normal age-related. If you experience a sudden change in your sleep, or poor sleep is affecting your daily life, changing your personality, or your bedmate says you stop breathing when you snore, that could be a sign of something more serious and it's worth visiting your doctor.

【1】What is one of the changes in sleep patterns with aging?

A.People tend to wake up later.B.People sleep more at weekends.

C.People take longer to fall asleep.D.People stay longer in deep sleep.

【2】What will probably happen if the elderly have poor sleep?

A.They may threaten others.B.They may become anxious.

C.They may have better memory.D.They may be unaware of their risks.

【3】What does the 2010 study imply?

A.Both sleep quality and quantity matter with aging.

B.Sleep quantity is the key to older people's mental health.

C.Sleeping well is good for older people's psychological health.

D.The relationship between quality and quantity is not yet clear.

【4】What is the main idea of the passage?

A.Bedtime pattern changes as people age.

B.Poor sleep is more dangerous for older adults.

C.Bedtime pattern changes are not a sign of trouble.

D.People's body changes in different ways with aging.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】B

【3】C

【4】A

【解析】

這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了睡眠模式隨著年齡增長(zhǎng)而發(fā)生改變，睡眠不足會(huì)對(duì)老年人產(chǎn)生消極影響。

【1】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“Older drivers take longer to fall asleep, and they wake up more often. They tend to stay in the deepest stages of sleep for less time than younger adults.”（高齡駕駛?cè)巳胨瘯r(shí)間較長(zhǎng)，而且醒得更頻繁。與年輕人相比，他們?cè)谒�眠最深階段停留的時(shí)間要短。）可知隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，人們需要更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間才能入睡。故選C項(xiàng)。

【2】

推理判斷題。由第三段中的“Studies have found that poor sleep can create a particular threat to older adults—Falls, depression and anxiety, problems with memory, and increased suicide (自殺) risk are among the effects of sleep issues in this population group that researchers have found.”（研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，睡眠不足會(huì)對(duì)老年人造成特別的威脅，跌倒、抑郁和焦慮、記憶力問題和自殺風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加。）和第四段中的“What is clear is the connection between good sleep and psychological well-being in older adults. A 2010 study showed us that connection when it came to sleep quality, but sleep quantity didn't show the same effects.”（顯而易見的是，老年人的良好睡眠與心理健康之間有聯(lián)系。2010年的一項(xiàng)研究表明，心理健康與睡眠質(zhì)量之間存在著聯(lián)系，但睡眠數(shù)量并沒有表現(xiàn)出同樣的影響。）可推斷出如果老年人睡眠不好，他們可能會(huì)變得焦慮。故選B項(xiàng)。

【3】

推理判斷題。由第四段中的“What is clear is the connection between good sleep and psychological well-being in older adults. A 2010 study showed us that connection when it came to sleep quality, but sleep quantity didn't show the same effects.”（顯而易見的是，老年人的良好睡眠與心理健康之間有聯(lián)系。2010年的一項(xiàng)研究表明，心理健康與睡眠質(zhì)量之間存在著聯(lián)系，但睡眠數(shù)量并沒有表現(xiàn)出同樣的影響。）可推斷出睡好覺有利于老年人的心理健康。故選C項(xiàng)。

【4】

主旨大意題。由第一段中的“As people age, the body changes in all sorts of predictable ways. Brains can slow. Wounds take longer to recover. And sleep patterns (模式) shift, too.”（隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，身體會(huì)以各種可預(yù)測(cè)的方式發(fā)生變化。大腦會(huì)變慢。傷口需要更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能恢復(fù)。睡眠模式也會(huì)改變。）可知文章講述了睡眠模式隨著年齡增長(zhǎng)而發(fā)生改變，A項(xiàng)符合文意。故選A項(xiàng)。