(The Guardian)： More UK universities should be profiting from ideas
A repeated criticism of the UK's university sector is its noticeable weakness in translating new knowledge into new products and services.
Recently, the UK National Stem Cell Network warned the UK could lose its place among the world leaders in stem cell research unless adequate funding and legislation could be assured, despite an annual £40m spent by the Department of Health on all kinds of research.
However, we do have to challenge the unthinking complaint that the sector does not do enough in taking ideas to market. The most recent comparative data on the performance of universities and research institutions in Australia, Canada, USA and UK shows that, from a relatively weak starting position, the UK now leads on many indicators of commercialization activity.
When viewed at the national level, the policy interventions (interference) of the past decade have helped transformed the performances of UK universities. Evidence suggests the UK's position is much stronger than in the recent past and is still showing improvement. But national data masks the very large variation in the performance of individual universities. The evidence shows that a large number of universities have fallen off the back of the pack, a few perform strongly and the rest chase the leaders.
This type of uneven distribution is not strange to the UK and is mirrored across other economies. In the UK, research is concentrated: less than 25% of universities are receiving 75% of the research funding. These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest share of PhD graduates, science citations, patents and license income. The effect of policies generating long-term resource concentration has also created a distinctive set of universities which are research-led and commercially active. It seems clear that the concentration of research and commercialization work creates differences between universities.
The core objective for universities which are research-led must be to maximize the impact of their research efforts. Their purpose is not to generate funds to add to the bottom line of the university or to substitute other income streams. Rather, these universities should be generating the widest range of social, economic and environmental benefits. In return for the scale of investment, they should share their expertise (expert knowledge or skill) in order to build greater confidence in the sector.
Part of the economic recovery of the UK will be driven by the next generation of research commercialization spilling out of our universities. On the evidence presented in my report, there are three dozen universities in the UK which are actively engaged in advanced research training and commercialization work.
If there was a greater coordination（協(xié)調(diào)）of technology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous (happening at the same time) investment in the scale and functions of our graduate schools, universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next growth cycle.
【小題1】What does the author think of UK universities in terms of commercialization?
| A．They have lost their leading position in many ways. |
| B．They still have a place among the world leaders. |
| C．They do not regard it as their responsibility. |
| D．They fail to change knowledge into money. |
| A．It masks the fatal weaknesses of government policy. |
| B．It indicates their ineffective use of government resources. |
| C．It does not rank UK universities in a scientific way. |
| D．It does not reflect the differences among universities. |
| A．concentration of resources in a limited number of universities |
| B．compulsory cooperation between universities and industries |
| C．government aid to non-research-oriented universities |
| D．fair distribution of funding for universities and research institutions |
| A．Fully use their research to benefit all sectors of society. |
| B．Generously share their facilities with those short of funds. |
| C．Advertise their research to win international recognition. |
| D．Spread their influence among top research institutions. |
【小題1】B
【小題2】D
【小題3】A
【小題4】A
解析試題分析：本文介紹的是更多的英國(guó)大學(xué)應(yīng)憑創(chuàng)意獲利
【小題1】細(xì)節(jié)題：該題問(wèn)的是作者對(duì)英國(guó)大學(xué)在商業(yè)化方面的看法。由順序原則可定位至文首。首段提出人們對(duì)英國(guó)大學(xué)在知識(shí)到產(chǎn)品服務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)化過(guò)程方面的批評(píng)，二段整體用調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)證明首段對(duì)英國(guó)的大學(xué)的負(fù)面觀點(diǎn)，提出英國(guó)大學(xué)在干細(xì)胞研究領(lǐng)域?qū)?huì)失去世界領(lǐng)先地位。但這些都并非作者觀點(diǎn)，同時(shí)在第三段短首出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折，然后引入作者方面的觀點(diǎn)。可知作者觀點(diǎn)與首二段相反，他并不認(rèn)為英國(guó)失去世界領(lǐng)先地位，三段末句更提出英國(guó)大學(xué)在許多商業(yè)活動(dòng)方面仍領(lǐng)先全球。可知作者認(rèn)為英國(guó)大學(xué)仍大體領(lǐng)先世界，總體持正面肯定態(tài)度。選B
【小題2】細(xì)節(jié)題：該題問(wèn)的是作者對(duì)英國(guó)大學(xué)商業(yè)化表現(xiàn)的國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)的看法。由national data可定位至第四段轉(zhuǎn)折后，But national data masks the very large variation in the performance of individual universities.提到數(shù)據(jù)掩蓋了單個(gè)大學(xué)之間表現(xiàn)的差距。Mask同義改寫(xiě)為does not reflect，variation同義改寫(xiě)為differences。選D
【小題3】猜詞題：該題考察“policy interventions”的意思。僅從字面意思“政府干預(yù)”還不足以選出答案，需要結(jié)合上下文。該短語(yǔ)所在的第四段提到這種“政府干預(yù)”促進(jìn)了英國(guó)大學(xué)整體表現(xiàn)的提高，但之后轉(zhuǎn)折指出，英國(guó)大學(xué)個(gè)體之間存在較大差異。第五段首更是將第四段強(qiáng)調(diào)的現(xiàn)象總結(jié)為“分配不平均”(uneven distribution)。由此可知這種“政府干預(yù)”指的應(yīng)是政府對(duì)一部分大學(xué)的偏向性支持，而對(duì)更多的大學(xué)則支持不夠，造成資源分配不均。對(duì)應(yīng)A選項(xiàng)“資源集中在少數(shù)大學(xué)中”。
【小題4】該題問(wèn)的是作者對(duì)研究導(dǎo)向型大學(xué)的建議。由research-led universities可定位至全文第六段。該段中部用rather轉(zhuǎn)折引出作者覺(jué)得這些大學(xué)應(yīng)該(should)產(chǎn)生最廣的社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)與環(huán)境等各方面效益(widest range)，應(yīng)該分享他們的專(zhuān)業(yè)技術(shù)資源，讓整個(gè)領(lǐng)域(build greater confidence in the sector)都構(gòu)筑起信心，此即為建議。對(duì)應(yīng)A選項(xiàng)，僅有A強(qiáng)調(diào)了范圍是all sectors of society。B提到的與缺乏資金的學(xué)校分享設(shè)施、C提到的擴(kuò)大國(guó)際影響與D提到的擴(kuò)大在頂級(jí)研究機(jī)構(gòu)中的影響范圍均太窄。
考點(diǎn)：考查教育類(lèi)短文
點(diǎn)評(píng)：文章較長(zhǎng)，生詞比較多，但是題目多是細(xì)節(jié)題，要求考生讀懂文章中的每個(gè)句子的意思還要推理它們之間的關(guān)系，結(jié)合自己的生活常識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，再通過(guò)邏輯推理和判斷，理解文章的言外之意，從而揭示文章的深層涵義。任何一篇文章都有其特定的寫(xiě)作目的，讀者應(yīng)當(dāng)知道如何去做或按照某種方式傳遞思考問(wèn)題。推理判斷題的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理時(shí)我們務(wù)必要忠于原文，在文章中尋找并確定可推論的依據(jù)，即：已知部分－推論的前提，從中推測(cè)出未知部分－推理的結(jié)論，切忌妄加評(píng)論，把自己的觀點(diǎn)當(dāng)成作者的觀點(diǎn)。
名校課堂系列答案
| 年級(jí) | 高中課程 | 年級(jí) | 初中課程 |
| 高一 | 高一免費(fèi)課程推薦！ | 初一 | 初一免費(fèi)課程推薦！ |
| 高二 | 高二免費(fèi)課程推薦！ | 初二 | 初二免費(fèi)課程推薦！ |
| 高三 | 高三免費(fèi)課程推薦！ | 初三 | 初三免費(fèi)課程推薦！ |
科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2011-2012學(xué)年浙江省臺(tái)州中學(xué)高一下學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解
The National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., is one of the world’s greatest art museums. Millions of people have entered its doors to see paintings by the world’s fine artists. But if these priceless masterpieces are to be preserved, the Gallery must protect them carefully. The Gallery’s 135-man guard force has successfully prevented them from being stolen, but protecting the paintings from nature is a greater problem.
In past times, the owners of paintings did not protect them from damaging changes in humidity（濕度）and temperature. As a result, the life of these paintings were shortened. In the National Gallery, however, humidity and temperature are carefully controlled. The building is air-conditioned in summer and heated in winter. The air-conditioning and heating system are so important to the life of the painting that the Gallery has two of each system. If one should fail, the extra one can take over.
Light is another enemy of paintings. Ultraviolet rays（紫外線）in light cause paintings to fade（褪色）. Long ago, paintings often hung in dark churches and palaces. A coat of varnish（清漆）was a protection from the weak light. But when museums took over the care of many paintings, they were often hung in brighter light than before. Soon they were in danger of fading. The damaging effects of light were increased when the museums removed the varnish coating, yellowed with age.
To protect its paintings, the National Gallery put a special kind of glass in its skylights. This glass allows visible lights to enter the building but it keeps out harmful ultraviolet rays. The Gallery has also developed new and better varnishes which help to keep paintings from fading. Thanks to these new precautions, many of the world’s greatest paintings are being well protected for future generations to enjoy.
【小題1】The text mainly tells us about_________________________.
| A．the guard force in the National Gallery |
| B．protecting great paintings from nature |
| C．priceless paintings of past times |
| D．the air-conditioning and heating systems in the National Gallery |
| A．Varnish. | B．Temperature. | C．Light. | D．Humidity. |
| A．decorations | B．problems | C．suggestions | D．a(chǎn)pplications |
| A．great artists painted in dark churches and palaces |
| B．you can touch these paintings while you are in the National Gallery |
| C．the care of the world’s greatest paintings is both a big responsibility and a great challenge |
| D．the guard force in the Gallery has not done a good job |
查看答案和解析>>
科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2011年陜西省西安鐵一中高二下學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)卷 題型：閱讀理解
When he took office, George W. Bush, son of former president George Herbert Wal
ker Bush, became the first son to follow his father into the White House since John Quiney Adams followed John Adams in the early 19th century.
Bush was born on July 6, 1946, in New Haven, Connecticut, the first child of George Herbert Walker Bush and Barbara Pierce Bush. Although George Herbert Walker Bush began his career in the oil industry, he finally served as a congressman(國(guó)會(huì)議員), and vice(副) president and president of the United States.
At the age of two,Bush moved with his parents from Connecticut to Odessa, Texas, where his father took up the oi
l business. After a year in Texas, the family moved to California for business reasons. A year later, the family returned to Texas and settled in Midland, where Bush lived from 1950 to 1959.
In 1959, again for business reasons, the family moved to Houston, Texas. In 1961 Bush left Texas and went to Andover, Massachusetts, to attend Phillips Academy, aboarding school(寄宿學(xué)校) that his father had also attended.
At Phillips, Bush played basketball, baseball, and football. He was best known for being head cheerleader. In 1964 he enrolled at Yale University in Connecticut.His father and grandfather had also attended Yale. At Yale, Bush was considered an average student, but he was
popular with his classmates.
Bush graduated from Yale with a bachelor’s degree in history in 1968. Then he joined the Air National Guard and re
mained in the Guard until 1973. After earning his MBA from Harvard in 1975, Bush returned to Midland. Like his father, he first entered the oil industry as a “l(fā)andsman(新手)”. However, Bush’s oil companies never enjoyed grea
t success. He took more interest in politics. He helped his father to become president and in 1994 he himself
was elected governor of Texas.
In the s
ummer of 1999, Bush began to run for the president of the USA and on January 20, 2001, George W. Bush, hand raised, took the oath(宣誓) of office to become the 43rd president of the US.
【小題1】What does the writer intend to tell us in the first paragraph?
| A．George W. Bush is the first son in American history to follow his father into the White House. |
B．George W. Bush is the first son of former presi dent George Herbert Walker Bush. |
| C．John Quincy Adams and his father were both former American presidents. |
| D．George W. Bush is the second one in American history to follow his father into the White House. |
| A．got on very well at the universities |
| B．was very good at basketball, baseball and football |
| C．did everything as his father had done |
| D．was a very successful politician like his father |
| A．Young Bush lived with his family in Texas from 1948 to 1961. |
| B．He once studied at a university that his father and grandfather had also attended. |
| C．He once ruled over an American state before he entered the White House. |
| D．He once served at the Air National Guard for about five years. |
查看答案和解析>>
科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2012屆重慶市一中高三上學(xué)期第一次月考英語(yǔ)試卷 題型：閱讀理解
As the forceful king of Macedonia(馬其頓), Alexander the Great overthrew the Persian Empire, becoming a hero that would survive centuries after his death.
Born in 356 B.C., Alexander III was the son of Philip II and Olympias. Alexander’s parents wanted him to receive the finest education, and arranged for him to study under Aristotle, regarded as one of the greatest scholars.
Alexander’s father was a strong leader. Philip II built an impressive army and established the Macedonian kingdom; he was even planning to attack Persia shortly before his death.
In 336, Philip was murdered by one of his guards. Although it was obvious that the guard had a personal hatred, there are clues that other people were related to it.
After Alexander was cleared as a suspect, he succeeded his father without opposition, and killed those said to be responsible for his father’s murder, as well as all rivals. He was then just 20 years old. He then prepared to attack Persia.
In the spring of 334, Alexander led the army made up of nearly 50,000 soldiers into Asia, which is called “the most powerful military expedition ever to leave Greece”, He soundly defeated the Persian army at the Granicus River, sending a strong message to Darius III, leader of the Persian Empire.
In 333, Alexander faced Darius at Issus, a mountain pass. The Macedonian army was greatly outnumbered but able to work the narrow mountain passageway to their advantage. Darius managed to escape. Continuing down the Mediterranean Coast, Alexander took every city in his path.
In 332 Alexander declared Egypt to be part of the Greek Empire and was crowned Pharaoh(法老).
When Alexander left Egypt in 331, he defeated the Persians again and was crowned leader of Asia.
In 323, however, Alexander developed a fever on the way back home and died 10 days later at Babylon. He was just 33 years old.
【小題1】What can we know about Philip’s death?
| A．He was killed by someone intending to take power from him. |
| B．Alexander sent someone who hated Philip to kill him. |
| C．His death was related to his plan of fighting Persia. |
| D．The murder might be organized by a group of people. |
| A．Darius didn’t command his army in the battlefield |
| B．Macedonian soldiers were more than the Persian soldiers |
| C．Macedonian soldiers could fight better at the mountain pass |
| D．Macedonia was more powerful than the Persian Empire |
| A．e, d, b, c, a | B．d, e, a, c, b |
| C．e, b, d, c, a | D．d, a, c, e, b |
| A．Aristotle taught Alexander how to defeat other nations |
| B．Alexander was happy about his father’s death |
| C．Persia is tougher to defeat than Egypt |
| D．Macedonia soon declined after Alexander died |
查看答案和解析>>
科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2011-2012學(xué)年重慶市高三上學(xué)期第一次月考英語(yǔ)試題 題型：閱讀理解
As the forceful king of Macedonia(馬其頓), Alexander the Great overthrew the Persian Empire, becoming a hero that would survive centuries after his death.
Born in 356 B.C., Alexander III was the son of Philip II and Olympias. Alexander’s parents wanted him to receive the finest education, and arranged for him to study under Aristotle, regarded as one of the greatest scholars.
Alexander’s father was a strong leader. Philip II built an impressive army and established the Macedonian kingdom; he was even planning to attack Persia shortly before his death.
In 336, Philip was murdered by one of his guards. Although it was obvious that the guard had a personal hatred, there are clues that other people were related to it.
After Alexander was cleared as a suspect, he succeeded his father without opposition, and killed those said to be responsible for his father’s murder, as well as all rivals. He was then just 20 years old. He then prepared to attack Persia.
In the spring of 334, Alexander led the army made up of nearly 50,000 soldiers into Asia, which is called “the most powerful military expedition ever to leave Greece”, He soundly defeated the Persian army at the Granicus River, sending a strong message to Darius III, leader of the Persian Empire.
In 333, Alexander faced Darius at Issus, a mountain pass. The Macedonian army was greatly outnumbered but able to work the narrow mountain passageway to their advantage. Darius managed to escape. Continuing down the Mediterranean Coast, Alexander took every city in his path.
In 332 Alexander declared Egypt to be part of the Greek Empire and was crowned Pharaoh(法老).
When Alexander left Egypt in 331, he defeated the Persians again and was crowned leader of Asia.
In 323, however, Alexander developed a fever on the way back home and died 10 days later at Babylon. He was just 33 years old.
1.What can we know about Philip’s death?
A．He was killed by someone intending to take power from him.
B．Alexander sent someone who hated Philip to kill him.
C．His death was related to his plan of fighting Persia.
D．The murder might be organized by a group of people.
2.The Macedonian army could defeat the Persians at Issus mainly because _________.
A．Darius didn’t command his army in the battlefield
B．Macedonian soldiers were more than the Persian soldiers
C．Macedonian soldiers could fight better at the mountain pass
D．Macedonia was more powerful than the Persian Empire
3.In which order did Alexander do the following things?
a．Totally overthrew the Persian Empire.
b．Defeated the Persian army at Issus.
c．Was crowned Pharaoh of Egypt.
d．Defeated the Persian army at the Granicus River.
e．Became the leader of Macedonia.
A．e, d, b, c, a B．d, e, a, c, b
C．e, b, d, c, a D．d, a, c, e, b
4.According to the passage, we can infer _________.
A．Aristotle taught Alexander how to defeat other nations
B．Alexander was happy about his father’s death
C．Persia is tougher to defeat than Egypt
D．Macedonia soon declined after Alexander died
查看答案和解析>>
科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2010年廣東省高二上學(xué)期10月月考英語(yǔ)卷 題型：閱讀理解
London has more than nine million visitors every year. They come and visit some of the most famous places in England: Big Ben, the Tower of London and the River Thames.
You can see some of the most interesting places in London by getting on the tour buses. Or you can take a ride on the London Eye. This large wheel slowly takes you 135m above the River Thames.
The River Thames is London’s main waterway. It has shaped the capital’s landscape, history and geography. So one of the best ways of knowing more about the city is to take a trip along the river.
The clock tower of the Houses of Parliament, Big Ben, has become one of the main symbols of London. The sound of the bell, which you can hear at the beginning of many television and radio programmes, has become well-known throughout the nation.
No visit to London is complete without a look at the Tower of London, in the eastern part of the city. After Big Ben, the Tower may be London’s most visited tourist spot. Directly south is Tower Bridge, which is more than100 years old.
Along all the palaces in London, Buckingham Palace is the most famous. It has been the main London home of the royal family since Queen Victoria moved there in 1873. You can visit some of the rooms in August and September. And most mornings of the year you can watch the soldiers
outside changing the guard.
About one hour by train out of London is the Tower of Windsor. Here you can visit another of the Queen’s homes-Windsor Castle. There was a fire in 1992 and many of the rooms were badly burned. But now they are full of beautiful pictures, tables and chairs again.
Sightseeing in London is great, but it can get very tiring. So, the best way to start the day is to fill up with an English breakfast.
You can buy an English breakfast in nearly every hotel, and at many restaurants and cafes. An English pub is a good place to stop for lunch and a drink. You can get hot or cold food and try one of England’s many ales(濃啤酒). Fish and chips are also a traditional English meal. So look out for fish and chip shops in cities as well as by the sea.
Or you can sit outside one of the many roadside pubs and cafes in London, and simply watch the busy world go by.
1.We can learn from the text that ____________.
|
A．Windsor Castle has been rebuilt |
|
B．the Big Ben can be heard everywhere in London |
|
C．only some of the hotels in England serve breakfast. |
|
D．the London Eye can carry you where you like to go |
2. Which place may be London’s most visited tourist spot?
|
A．Buckingham Palace |
B．The Tower of London |
|
C．Big Ben |
D．The River Thames |
3.If you go to London in December, you will not be able to ___________
|
A．visit Windsor Castle |
|
B．tour the Buckingham Palace |
|
C．tour the city along the River Thames |
|
D．watch the soldiers outside the Buckingham Palace changing guards. |
4.The underlined word “l(fā)andscape” (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to _________.
|
A．sights |
B．interests |
C．characteristics |
D．culture |
5.The whole passage mainly introduces the ________________.
A. tourism in London B. tourists in London
B. history in London D. sightseeing in London
查看答案和解析>>
百度致信 - 練習(xí)冊(cè)列表 - 試題列表
湖北省互聯(lián)網(wǎng)違法和不良信息舉報(bào)平臺(tái) | 網(wǎng)上有害信息舉報(bào)專(zhuān)區(qū) | 電信詐騙舉報(bào)專(zhuān)區(qū) | 涉歷史虛無(wú)主義有害信息舉報(bào)專(zhuān)區(qū) | 涉企侵權(quán)舉報(bào)專(zhuān)區(qū)
違法和不良信息舉報(bào)電話：027-86699610 舉報(bào)郵箱：58377363@163.com