Question

【題目】Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.

One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, extra learning attempts or tries to increase the length of time we will remember it.

In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, and bicycle riding long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.

The multiplication tables(乘法口訣表) are an exception（例外） to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.

The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突擊學(xué)習(xí))for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to pass the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development.

【1】What is the main idea of paragraph 1?

A. People remember well what they learned in childhood.

B. Children have a better memory than grown-ups.

C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words.

D. Stories for children are easy to remember.

【2】The author tells the experience in childhood in order to __________.

A. remember the good old days

B. let readers follow the example

C. explain the law of overlearning

D. help readers understand the importance of knowledge

【3】According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is__________.

A. a step towards studies B. a result of overlearning

C. a special case of cramming D. a skill to deal with math problems

【4】What is the author's opinion on cramming?

A. It's helpful only in a limited way. B. It causes failure in college exams.

C. It's possible to result in poor memory. D. It increases students' learning interest.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】C

【3】B

【4】A

【解析】本文是一篇議論文。成年人常常驚嘆他們能很好地記著兒時(shí)學(xué)過(guò)的東西。作者認(rèn)為這是兒時(shí)過(guò)度學(xué)習(xí)的結(jié)果，是因?yàn)楫?dāng)我們兒時(shí)學(xué)會(huì)一樣?xùn)|西的時(shí)候，我們不是就此停止，而是繼續(xù)練習(xí)，才使我們記憶深刻。文章用例證法說(shuō)明了過(guò)度學(xué)習(xí)的概念。 最后作者談到了過(guò)度學(xué)習(xí)的好處和突擊學(xué)習(xí)的弊端。

【1】根據(jù)文章的第一段的Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.可知：文章講得是成年人常常驚嘆他們非常好的記著兒時(shí)學(xué)過(guò)的東西。C、D斷章取義，講得太具體，B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，因?yàn)槟鞘沁^(guò)度學(xué)習(xí)的結(jié)果，不是兒時(shí)記憶力好。所以A正確。

【2】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容，作者講述了自己童年的經(jīng)歷，再根據(jù)最后一句We not only learn but overlearn.可知作者是解釋過(guò)度學(xué)習(xí)理論。

【3】根據(jù)第四段we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.可知，學(xué)會(huì)乘法口訣也是過(guò)度學(xué)習(xí)的一個(gè)結(jié)果。

【4】根據(jù)文章的最后一段中的“By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.”可知：突擊學(xué)習(xí)只在有限的方面有幫助。所以A正確。