【題目】閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

In China, traveling by train is a common way to visit new places and go back to one’s hometown during holidays. But in the US, traveling by train is almost an ancient tradition … although it wasn’t always that way.

The US railway system started to grow in 1826, with many railway 【1】 (company) starting up and competing with each other to build new railway routes. Trains became a symbol of progress, with New York City’s Grand Central Station becoming a major 【2】 (culture) landmark.

But eventually, railways 【3】 (replace) by highways as “car culture” took over the US. China would go on to adopt trains even more quickly and 【4】 (wide) than the US. China’s railway network connects the entire country, 【5】 (allow) people to travel with ease. This is especially obvious during Chunyun - when China’s train stations are crowded with thousands of people 【6】 are trying to get home.

I had never traveled by train until I 【7】 (move) to China. My first trip by train was 【8】 Beijing to Tianjin by high-speed train. It was 【9】 (amaze) how quickly I could get there - just half 【10】 hour.

【答案】

【1】companies

【2】cultural

【3】were replaced

【4】widely

【5】allowing

【6】who/that

【7】moved

【8】from

【9】amazing

【10】an

【解析】

本文屬于記敘文，講述作者本人乘坐火車的經(jīng)歷。

【1】考查名詞。句意：美國鐵路系統(tǒng)于1826年開始快速發(fā)展，為了新建新的鐵路，很多鐵路公司成立并且相互競爭。分析句子可知，many后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故用companies。

【2】考查形容詞。句意：火車成為進(jìn)步的標(biāo)志，紐約的中央車站成為了一個(gè)文化標(biāo)志。修飾名詞landmark用形容詞作定語，故用cultural。

【3】考查一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意：但是最后，由于汽車文化風(fēng)靡全國，鐵路也被高速公路替代。分析句子可知，本句為主從復(fù)合句，replace在句中作謂語，與其主語屬于動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，因而用were replaced。

【4】考查副詞。句意：但是中國會(huì)繼續(xù)利用火車，甚至比美國更快，范圍更大。分析句子可知，修飾動(dòng)詞adopt用副詞，故用widely。

【5】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：中國鐵路系統(tǒng)連接了整個(gè)國家，讓人們環(huán)游中國很容易。分析句子可知，allow在句中做非謂語作結(jié)果狀語，與其邏輯主語為主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞allowing。

【6】考查定語從句。句意：這是在春運(yùn)很明顯的，火車站滿是渴望回家的人。分析句子可知，are trying to get home為定語從句修飾先行詞people，從句缺乏主語，故用關(guān)系代詞who/that。

【7】考查一般過去時(shí)。句意：直到到了中國，我才有機(jī)會(huì)坐火車。分析句子可知，本句為until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，陳述過去的事情，因而用一般過去時(shí)，moved。

【8】考查介詞。句意：我第一次坐高鐵從北京到天津。本句為結(jié)構(gòu)from…to，因而用from。

【9】考查形容詞。句意：我只需要半個(gè)小時(shí)就到了，真的不可思議。本句為it為形式主語，真正主語how quickly I could get there，因而很快到達(dá)目的地，因而很令人驚訝，故用amazing。

【10】考查冠詞。句意：我只需要半個(gè)小時(shí)就到了，真的不可思議。Hour為元音發(fā)音開頭，因而用不定冠詞an。

部分空白的后面給出單詞的基本形式，要求考生根據(jù)上下文填寫空白處所需的內(nèi)容或所提供單詞的正確形式，所填寫詞語不得多于3個(gè)單詞．要做好語法填空題，理解短文是解題的前提，扎實(shí)的詞匯、句型和語法知識(shí)是基礎(chǔ)，英語國家的背景知識(shí)是必要的補(bǔ)充．考生須靈活運(yùn)用語法知識(shí)，如單詞詞性、單詞時(shí)態(tài)、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)、連接詞、代詞、冠詞等判斷各空白處應(yīng)填寫的內(nèi)容．答完后，還要通讀全文，核對所填單詞形式是否正確，是否符合語境．

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