4.Conventional wisdom says that hardship can make us old before our time.In fact,a new study suggests that violence not only leaves long-term scars on children's bodies,but also changes their DNA,causing changes that are equal to seven to ten years of premature aging.
Scientists measured this by studying the ends of children's chromosomes(染色體),called telomeres,says Idan Shalev,lead author of a study published in Molecular Psychiatry.
Telomeres(端粒) are special DNA sequences (基因序列)which prevent the DNA in chromosomes from separating.They get shorter each time a cell divides,until a cell cannot divide any more and dies.
Several factors have been found to shorten telomeres,including smoking,radiation and psychological stresses such as being treated badly when young and taking care of a chronically(長期地) ill person.
In this study,researchers examined whether exposure to violence could make children's telomeres shorten faster than normal.They interviewed the mothers of 236 children at ages 5,7 and 10,asking whether the youngsters had been exposed to domestic violence between the mother and her partner; physical maltreatment by an adult; or bullying.Researchers measured the children's telomeres-in cells obtained by swabbing the insides of their cheeks-at ages 5 and 10.
Telomeres shortened faster in kids exposed to two or more types of violence,says Shalev.Unless that pattern changes,the study suggests,these kids could be expected to develop diseases of aging,such as heart attacks or memory loss,seven to 10 years earlier than their peers.
Shalev says there is hope for these kids.His study found that,in rare cases,telomeres can lengthen.Better nutrition,exercise and stress reduction are three things that may be able to lengthen telomeres,he says.
The study confirms a small but growing number of studies suggesting that early childhood adversity imprints itself in our chromosomes,says Charles Nelson,a professor of pediatrics and neuroscience at Harvard Medical School.

59.The new study found thatC.
A.hardship can change a child's aging
B.violence leaves scars on a child's mind
C.violence can speed up a child's aging
D.hardship has a long term effect on a child's mind
60.According to the text,telomeresB.
A.a(chǎn)re at the ends of people's chromosomes
B.can help prevent DNA from separating
C.can make a cell die quickly
D.become shorter before they die
61.Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?C
A.Violence can cause quick cell division in children's body.
B.Researchers measured the children's telomeres from their legs in the study.
C.Being treated badly will make a child's telomeres shorten faster.
D.Children who have shorter telomeres may have a heart attack earlier.
62.What is the best title for the text?A
A.Violence Aging Children's DNA
B.Children's Changing DNA Patterns
C.Violence and Telomeres
D.The Function of Telomeres.

分析 本文是一篇說明文,講述了兒童如果被暴力對待,基因就會加速老化,身體狀況也會開始惡化.

解答 59-62 CBCA
59.C 考查細(xì)節(jié)理解.根據(jù)"violence not only leaves long-term scars on children's bodies,but also changes their DNA,causing changes that are equal to seven to ten years of premature aging"可知,暴力會導(dǎo)致兒童早熟.故選C.
60.B 考查細(xì)節(jié)理解.根據(jù)"Telomeres(端粒) are special DNA sequences (基因序列)which prevent the DNA in chromosomes from separating"可知,端粒是特殊的DNA序列,可防止染色體中的DNA分離.故選B.
61.C 考查細(xì)節(jié)理解.根據(jù)"Telomeres shortened faster in kids exposed to two or more types of violence"可知,接受暴力對待會使孩子的染色體端?s短速度更快.故選C.
62.A 考查主旨大意.根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知,本文要講述的就是兒童被暴力地對待,會導(dǎo)致基因加速老化.故選A.

點(diǎn)評 閱讀理解考察學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力,做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時一定要找到文章中的原句,和題干進(jìn)行比較,再做出正確的選擇.在做推理判斷題不要以個人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí),要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷.

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