Question

【題目】Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Last year, a report by a committee of education experts said that a lot of American students cannot write well. The report noted the concerns of business leaders and teachers. The experts said that more students should have to pass a writing test 【1】 they can finish high school. They pointed out major college entrance tests are changing now 【2】 (include) a writing part.

Educators know that teaching students to write well is not easy. One problem is the amount of time needed to read through large amounts of work. So some companies 【3】 (develop) computer programs that can grade students writing more quickly than a person can. Writing tests can also cost 【4】 (little) to carry out by computer than paper-and-pencil. These computer systems, known as e-readers, use artificial intelligence to think in a way 【5】 teachers. For two years, both a computer and humans graded the student writing. Officials say there was almost no difference between the computer grades and 【6】 given by the human readers.

The entrance test commonly 【7】(use) by business schools, the GMAT, already uses e-readers. The GRE and TOEFL tests might start; officials are deciding.

Systems 【8】(use) to grade writing in college classes as well. The computers read a few hundred examples of student writing already graded by humans. Then the systems compare new writing against those already examined.

Some teachers say machines can never do the job as well as people can. A computer can find spelling and grammar mistakes, but it can never really understand 【9】 a writer is trying to say. Critics say a program cannot follow a thought or judge humor or understand a beautifully expressed idea.

But inventors of the programs say computer grading guarantees that each piece of writing is graded in the same way. They also say the systems 【10】(mean) to judge knowledge more than creativity.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】before

【2】to include

【3】have developed

【4】less

【5】like

【6】those

【7】used

【8】are being used / have been used / are used

【9】what

【10】are meant

【解析】

這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一種新型的電腦賦分軟件能夠幫助老師批閱作文。

【1】考查連接詞。句意：專家說(shuō)，在他們高中畢業(yè)前，更多學(xué)生應(yīng)該通過(guò)一個(gè)寫作測(cè)試。結(jié)合句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)填表“在……之前”的連詞，故填before。

【2】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：他們指出，為了使寫作成為考試的一部分，高考正在改變。結(jié)合句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)填不定式表目的，故填to include。

【3】考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，結(jié)合上下文意為“一些公司已經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)了電腦程序”，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語(yǔ)companies是復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填have developed。

【4】考查形容詞比較級(jí)。根據(jù)than判斷此處應(yīng)填little的比較級(jí)，故填less。

【5】考查介詞。句意：這些被稱為電子閱讀器的電腦程序使用人工智能，以一種像老師一樣的方式進(jìn)行思考。結(jié)合句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)填表“像”的介詞，故填like。

【6】考查代詞。句意：官員們說(shuō)這些電腦給出的分?jǐn)?shù)和人類給出的分?jǐn)?shù)沒(méi)什么不同。結(jié)合句意可知，為了避免重復(fù)此處應(yīng)填代詞指代上文出現(xiàn)的grades，屬于同類異物，且是復(fù)數(shù)形式，故應(yīng)用those指代，故填those。

【7】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作后置定語(yǔ)，邏輯主語(yǔ)test和use之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，故填used。

【8】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。此處是句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，結(jié)合上下文可知，本句的時(shí)態(tài)可以是一般現(xiàn)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，主語(yǔ)systems和use之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，即用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故填are being used / have been used / are used。

【9】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是賓語(yǔ)從句連接詞，從句a writer is trying to say缺少賓語(yǔ)，且指物，應(yīng)用連接代詞what，故填what。

【10】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，由say判斷為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)systems和mean之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，故填are meant。

第9小題考查賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。確定賓語(yǔ)從句連接詞一般分為三步：分析從句成分；結(jié)合句意；考慮特殊情況。以本題為例：

分析從句成分：從句a writer is trying to say缺少賓語(yǔ)

結(jié)合句意：“一個(gè)作家試圖說(shuō)的（話）”，此處指物，應(yīng)用連接代詞what

考慮特殊情況：無(wú)

故填what