Question

Multitasking

People who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once, a new research suggests. The findings, based on performances and self-evaluation by about 275 college students, indicate that many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity, but because they are easily distracted (分心) and can’t focus on one activity. And “those people turn out to be the worst at handling different things,” said David Sanbonmatsu, a psychologist at the University of Utah.

Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set of tests and asked them to report how often they multitasked, how good they thought they were at it, and how sensation-seeking (尋求刺激) or imperative (沖動(dòng)) they were. They then evaluated the participants’ multitasking ability with a tricky mental task that required the students to do simple mathematical calculations while remembering a set of letters.

Not surprisingly, the scientists said, most people thought they were better than average at multitasking, and those who thought they were better at it were more likely to report using a cellphone while driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at once. But those who frequently deal with many things at the same time were found to perform the worst at the actual multitasking test. They also were more likely to admit to sensation-seeking and impulsive behavior, which connects with how easily people get bored and distracted.

“People multitask not because it’s going to lead to greater productivity, but because they’re distractible, and they get sucked into things that are not as important.” Sanbonmatsu said.

Adam Gazzaley, a researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, who was not a member of the research group, said one limitation of the study was that it couldn’t find out whether people who start out less focused  toward multitasking or whether people’s recognizing and understanding abilities change as a result of multitasking.

The findings do suggest, however, why the sensation-seeker who multitask the most may enjoy risky distracted driving. “People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations.” said Paul Atchley, another researcher not in the group. “This may partly explain why people go in for these situations even though they’re dangerous.”

67. The research led by Sanbonmatsu indicates that people who multitask ______.

A. seek high productivity constantly

B. prefer handling different things when getting bored

C. are more focused when doing many things at a time

D. have the poorest results in doing various things at the same time

68. When Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues conducted their research, they ______.

A. assessed the multitasking ability of the students

B. evaluated the academic achievements of the students

C. analyzed the effects of the participants’ tricky mental tasks

D. measured the changes of the students’ understanding ability

69. According to Sanbonmatsu, people multitask because of their ______.

A. limited power in calculation

B. interests in doing things differently

C. inability to concentrate on one task

D. impulsive desire to try new things

70. From the last paragraph, we can learn that multitaskers usually ______.

A. drive very skillfully

B. go in for different tasks

C. fail to react quickly to potential dangers

D. refuse to explain the reasons for their behavior

Answer 1

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇研究報(bào)告。Sanbonmatsu和他的同事通過(guò)對(duì)275名高校生進(jìn)行的多任務(wù)試驗(yàn)，根據(jù)參與者的表現(xiàn)和自我評(píng)估，發(fā)現(xiàn)：當(dāng)一心多用的人同時(shí)做兩件事時(shí)，表現(xiàn)最不如人意。因?yàn)樗麄內(nèi)菀追中模瑹o(wú)法專注于一個(gè)活動(dòng)。另外，那些一心多用者對(duì)于危險(xiǎn)情況不很敏感。

段落	關(guān)鍵詞、句	大意推測(cè)
第一部分（Para. 1）	People who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once, a new research suggests. they are easily distracted (分心) and can’t focus on one activity.	當(dāng)一心多用的人同時(shí)做兩件事時(shí)，表現(xiàn)最不如人意。因?yàn)樗麄內(nèi)菀追中�，無(wú)法專注于一個(gè)活動(dòng)。
第二部分（Para. 2）	a set of tests; report ...; evaluated; . But …perform the worst; more likely to admit to sensation-seeking and impulsive behavior; how easily people get bored and distracted.	實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程：給參與者一組測(cè)試，要求他們報(bào)告數(shù)據(jù)，然后他們通過(guò)一個(gè)微妙的心理任務(wù)評(píng)估參與者的多任務(wù)處理能力。
第三部分（Para. 3）	found to perform the worst ；to admit to sensation-seeking and impulsive behavior, which connects with…; one limitation …was that it couldn’t find out whether people who start out less focused   toward multitasking or whether people’s recognizing and understanding abilities change as a result of multitasking，  less sensitive to risky situations。	實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果: 那些自認(rèn)為有較好的多任務(wù)執(zhí)行力的參與者在實(shí)際多任務(wù)操作時(shí)表現(xiàn)最糟糕，他們承認(rèn)自己的行為是尋求刺激和沖動(dòng), 這與他們?nèi)菀赘杏X無(wú)聊和分心的有關(guān)。 試驗(yàn)的一個(gè)局限性：無(wú)法得知參與者是否對(duì)多任務(wù)操作關(guān)注不多，人們是否會(huì)因?yàn)槎嗳蝿?wù)操作的結(jié)果而改變認(rèn)識(shí)能力和理解能力。 研究表明：那些一心多用者對(duì)于危險(xiǎn)情況不很敏感。

【解析】

67. D。細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。難度：中等。題干關(guān)鍵詞為The research …indicates，定位第一段。People who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once, a new research suggests.可知：同一時(shí)間做多個(gè)任務(wù)的人表現(xiàn)最糟糕。故D.正確。

68. D。細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。難度：中等。由題干可知，此題考查試驗(yàn)過(guò)程的內(nèi)容，定位在第二段。第二句中They then evaluated the participants’ multitasking ability with a tricky mental task …，可知：該團(tuán)隊(duì)用一個(gè)微妙的心理任務(wù)來(lái)評(píng)估參與者的多任務(wù)操作能力。第一段的第二句The findings, based on performances and self-evaluation by about 275 college students,…�？芍�：這些參與者是275名高校生。故正確答案為A。

69. C。細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。難度：中等  根據(jù)題干，定位第四段：“People multitask not because it’s going to lead to greater productivity, but because they’re distractible, and they get sucked into things that are not as important.” 人們一心多用不是因?yàn)檫@樣做會(huì)大大提高生產(chǎn)效率，而是因?yàn)樗麄兎中�，他們做的事不是那么重要。inability to concentrate on one task意為：無(wú)法集中精力在一個(gè)任務(wù)。故選C。

70. C。推理判斷題。難度：中等。由題干定位最后一段，People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations，可知：一心多用者對(duì)于危險(xiǎn)情況不很敏感，可推斷他們有時(shí)無(wú)法對(duì)潛在的危險(xiǎn)做出快速反應(yīng)，C正確。