【題目】根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Every scientific field uses the scientific method to conduct experiments. Performing experiments is very important in the field of psychology （心理學(xué)）. Before beginning a study, however, any scientist who wishes to perform an experiment should be familiar with the steps of the scientific method. 【1】

◆ Form a hypothesis （假設(shè)）. It is an educated guess about what will happen during the study. 【2】 Coming up with a hypothesis before you start can help guide your experiment.

◆ Plan out a study. Planning out the experiment is essential because the psychologist needs to know if they have time, materials, and testing area prepared beforehand. This step also helps the scientist to determine if they will be performing descriptive or experimental research. The ideal situation is to always perform experimental research. 【3】 Descriptive research simply collects data regarding the problem and forms a hypothesis according to the data.

◆ Collect data. 【4】 If the data collected is not recorded and organized, the entire efforts of the study may be wasted. The best way to do this may be to record the proceedings so that no details are lost.

◆ Analyze the data. Once all the data has been collected and organized, it must be analyzed. Using previous research or scientific information about the problem, the psychologist must apply the new data gathered.

◆ Publish the information learned. The final step of the scientific method in psychology is publishing the results of the study. 【5】 Most psychological experiments are published in scientific journals.

A. It is based on scientific facts, not just opinions.

B. Read on to find out how to use the scientific method in psychology.

C. Before psychologists start the experiment, they must plan out the steps.

D. This helps other psychologists to learn about and use the new information.

E. The scientific method has proved to be an effective way to conduct research.

F. To fully understand the study, each part of the experiment must be recorded.

G. Sometimes, however, this is impossible and descriptive research will have to be used.

【答案】

【1】B

【2】A

【3】G

【4】F

【5】D

【解析】

【1】B考查上下文聯(lián)系。根據(jù)下文可知，講述了如何找出使用心理學(xué)的科學(xué)方法的步驟，而選項B意為“閱讀找出如何使用心理學(xué)的科學(xué)方法。”正是對文章的總起，符合語境，故選B。

【2】A考查上下文聯(lián)系。根據(jù)前文可知這不僅僅是觀點，是建立在事實依據(jù)上的觀點，而選項A就是這個意思，符合語境，故選A。

【3】G考查上下文聯(lián)系。根據(jù)前后文分析可知，這里是想說明，理想的情況雖然不可能，但是常常被用于研究，而選項G所表達(dá)的就是這個意思，故選G。

【4】F考查上下文聯(lián)系。根據(jù)后文分析可知，我們要對試驗進行記錄，而選項F表達(dá)的意思就是要記錄試驗，符合語境，故選F。

【5】D考查上下文聯(lián)系。根據(jù)前后文分析可知，研究最后要發(fā)布研究結(jié)果，這樣方便別的研究者利用最新信息，而選項D表示這有助于其他心理學(xué)家學(xué)習(xí)和使用新的信息。符合語境，故選D。

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