15.Researchers with the University of Cambridge say they have the first real evidence of a new state of matter,some 40 years after it was first theorized.
Known as"quantum spin liquid(量子旋轉(zhuǎn)水)",the matter state causes normally unbreakable electrons to break into pieces called"Majorana fermions."These fermions are an important discovery.Physicists believe the material is vital to further develop quantum computing.Computers employing Majorana femuons would be able to carry out calculations beyond the scale of modern computers quickly,they say.
Quantum spin liquid explains some of the eccentric behaviors inside magnetic(磁性的)materials.In these materials,the electrons should behave like small bar magnets,all adjusting towards magnetic north when a material is cooled.But not all magnetic materials do this-if the material contains quantum spin liquid,the electrons don't all line up and become involved.
"Until recently,we didn't even know what the experimental fingerprints of a quantum spin liquid would look like,"researcher Dr.Dmitry Kovrizhin says."That created a challenge for the researchers,so they decided to employ neutron scattering(神經(jīng)掃描)techniques to look for evidence of break".What they found surprised them.The features matched nearly exactly with quantum spin liquid models theorized by physicist Phil Anderson in 1973.The results of their breakthrough were then published in the scientific journal Nature Materials on Monday.
Don't get too excited just yet on its applications,though.Kovirzhin's work is only the beginning and as we've seen with quantum computing there is a lot of work to be done.But it's still exciting regardless.
"It's an important step for our understanding of quantum matter,"Kovrizhin says."It's fun to have another new quantum state that we've never seen before-it presents us with new possibilities to try new things."
12.What can we learn,about"Majorana fermion"according to Paragraph 2?C
A.It is an important discovery 40years ago.
B.It is a surprising theory raised by Phil Anderson.
C.It is a key piece in developing quantum computer.
D.It is an unbreakable electrons employing computer.
13.Which of the following can best replace the underlined word"eccentric"in Paragraph 3?A
A.Strange.
B.Complex.
C.Permanent.
D.Obvious.
14.How did the researchers make the breakthrough?B
A.By adjusting magnetic materials.
B.By using neutron scattering techniques.
C.By repeating maths calculations.
D.By changing electronic structure.
15.What is the author's tone about the future of quantum matter?D
A.Negative.
B.Doubtful.
C.Indifferent.
D.Optimistic.
分析 本文是一篇科普說明文,主要介紹了量子計算發(fā)展中的一個重大發(fā)現(xiàn)--量子旋轉(zhuǎn)水,這種物質(zhì)是發(fā)展量子計算的關(guān)鍵一環(huán),能夠解釋磁性物質(zhì)內(nèi)部的活動,這個發(fā)現(xiàn)讓專家們都對量子計算的未來充滿信心.
解答 12.C 13.A 14.B 15.D
12.C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第二段中的Physicists believe the material is vital to further develop quantum computing.可知,物理學(xué)家認(rèn)為馬約拉納費米子是發(fā)展量子計算關(guān)鍵的一部分,故C項正確.
13.A 詞義猜測題.根據(jù)第三段中的In these materials,the electrons should behave like small bar magnets,all adjusting towards magnetic north when a material is cooled.But not all magnetic materials do this-if the material contains quantum spin liquid,the electrons don't all line up and become involved.可知,在磁性物質(zhì)中,電子應(yīng)該像磁石一樣在物質(zhì)冷卻的時候全都指向此時北極,但不是所有的磁性材料都這樣,如果這些材料韓喲偶量子旋轉(zhuǎn)水,電子不參與這種行為,量子旋轉(zhuǎn)水能夠解釋這一奇怪的磁性物質(zhì)內(nèi)部活動,故A項正確.
14.B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第四段中的"That created a challenge for the researchers,so they decided to employ neutron scattering techniques to look for evidence of break.What they found surprised them."可知,研究人員是通過神經(jīng)掃描技術(shù)取得重大突破的,故B項正確.
15.D 觀點態(tài)度題.根據(jù)最后兩段內(nèi)容,特別是第五段中的"Kovirzhin's work is only the beginning and as we've seen with quantum computing there is a lot of work to be done.But it's still exciting regardless."可知,作者認(rèn)為量子計算雖然還有很多工作要做,但是這個發(fā)現(xiàn)是讓人興奮的,由此可知作者對量子計算的未來是樂觀的,故D項正確.
點評 考察學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力,做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時一定要找到文章中的原句,和題干進(jìn)行比較,再做出正確的選擇.在做推理判斷題不要以個人的主觀想象代替文章的事實,要根據(jù)文章事實進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷.