Question

【題目】任務(wù)型閱讀

請認真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意：請將答案寫在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號的橫線上。每個空格只填一個單詞。

High blood pressure is defined as 140 mmHg over 90 mmHg, and for years, doctors have used that measure as the threshold for prescribing anti-hypertensive drugs. But based on new recommendations, adults who are 60 or older can wait until their readings reach 150 over 90 or above to begin medication. After reviewing available evidence on the effects of blood pressure treatments, the Institute of Medicine’s Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8) concluded that aggressive treatment can lead to lightheadedness, falls and fainting in elderly populations — so they advised loosening the guidelines for starting medication.

But days after the guidelines were published, heart experts raised concerns about how the advice would affect patients; inadequately controlled blood pressure is a risk factor for heart attack and stroke.

Members of the JNC8 who voted against the recommendations published an editorial in the Annals of Internal Medicine outlining their reasons for opposing the change. “We, the panel minority, believed that evidence was insufficient to increase the target goal from its current level because increasing the goal may cause harm by increasing the risk for CVD（心血管疾病）and partially undoing the remarkable progress in reducing cardiovascular mortality in Americans older than 60,” they wrote.

Dr. Suzanne Steinbaum said she has not changed the way she treats her patients over 60. She says, “As a preventive cardiologist（心臟病學(xué)家）, these new guidelines have made me crazy. What we have learned is that blood pressure treatment even for a patient above 80 has been shown to be critical. It goes against everything we know as cardiologists.”

Defending the panel’s decision, Dr. Paul A. James, co-chairman of the guidelines committee, said in an email to TIME, “I can assure you that the panel discussed the opinions of the minority members on three different occasions and the majority were not persuaded that the expert skills of a few members should override the scientific evidence.”

James said that as with any medications, doctors will use the blood pressure recommendations as guidelines, and prescribe drugs based on their evaluation of each patient. “Medications prescribed by physicians all have the potential to be dangerous,” he wrote. “Educating doctors about the scientific evidence will help doctors make better decisions with patients. Physicians who practice on the basis of scientific evidence usually subscribe to simple rule — if the medicine cannot be shown to help the patient, then the medicine should not be prescribed.”

The editorial isn’t likely to change them any time soon. But the concerns should urge doctors to monitor their patients more closely and tailor medications and their doses more carefully.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】aggressive

【2】recommended

【3】Opposition

【4】risk

【5】lack

【6】unreasonable

【7】convincing

【8】educating

【9】rule

【10】careful/responsible

【解析】

試題分析：

【1】aggressive 原詞再現(xiàn)。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二行aggressive treatment can lead to lightheadedness, falls and fainting in elderly populations可知本題應(yīng)該使用形容詞aggressive。

【2】recommended 詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)第一段第二句But based on new recommendations, adults who are 60 or older can wait until their readings reach 150 over 90 or above to begin medication.可知根據(jù)建議，年齡大的人高血壓的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有所不同。本句使用過去分詞的形式表示被動。

【3】Opposition 總結(jié)歸納題。根據(jù)文章2、3段內(nèi)容可知84、85、86均為與第一段內(nèi)容的相反觀點。故使用名詞opposition。

【4】risk 同義句再現(xiàn)。根據(jù)文章第二段inadequately controlled blood pressure is a risk factor for heart attack and stroke.可知不恰當(dāng)?shù)难獕嚎刂茖τ谛呐K病和中風(fēng)來說都是一個很危險的因素。

【5】lack 同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)第三段第二句“We, the panel minority, believed that evidence was insufficient to increase the target goal from its current level可知人們認為針具是不充分的，也就是說缺少足夠的證據(jù)。

【6】unreasonable 推理題。根據(jù)第四段第二句these new guidelines have made me crazy.可知他認為這樣的指導(dǎo)是瘋狂的，是不合理的。

【7】convincing 推理題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句the expert skills of a few members should override the scientific evidence可知他認為專業(yè)的技能不能無視科學(xué)證據(jù)，也就是火他認為科學(xué)證據(jù)更有說服力。

【8】educating 同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)第六段第三行Educating doctors about the scientific evidence will help doctors make better decisions with patients.可知教育醫(yī)生在線科學(xué)證據(jù)將會幫助醫(yī)生做出更好的決定。也就是說教育醫(yī)生是值得。所以使用be worth doing的結(jié)構(gòu)。

【9】rule 原詞再現(xiàn)。根據(jù)第六段最后一句Physicians who practice on the basis of scientific evidence usually subscribe to simple rule可知醫(yī)生要遵守這樣的簡單規(guī)則。

【10】careful/responsible 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)文章最后一段But the concerns should urge doctors to monitor their patients more closely and tailor medications and their doses more carefully.原句中使用副詞carefully，表格里需要使用的是形容詞careful。