Question

【題目】 You're out to dinner. The food is delicious and the service is fine. You decide to leave a big fat tip. Why? The answer may not be as simple as you think.

Tipping, psychologists have found, is not just about service. Instead, studies have shown that tipping can be affected by psychological reactions to a series of different factors from the waiter's choice of words, to how they carry themselves while taking orders, to the billl's total.

Even how much waiters remind customers of themselves can determine how much change they pocket by the end of the night.

“Studies before have shown that mimicry （模仿）brings into positive feelings for the mimicker, "wrote Rick van Baaren, a social psychology professor. "These studies show that people who are being mimicked become more generous toward the person who mimicks.

So Rick van Baaren divided 59 waiters into two groups. He requested that half serve with a phrase such as, "Coming up!" Those in the other half were instructed to repeat the orders and preferences back to the customers. Rick van Baaren then compared their takehome pay. The results were clear-it pays to mimic your customer. The copycat （模仿者）waiters earned almost double the amount of tips to the other group.

Leonard Green and Joel Myerson, psychologists at Washington University in St Louis, found the generosity of a tipper may be limited by his bill. After research on the 1,000 tips left for waiters, cabdrivers, hair stylists, they found tip percentages in these three areas dropped as customers' bills went up. In fact, tip percentages appear to plateau （穩(wěn)定期）when bills topped $100 and a bill for $200 made the worker gain no bigger percentage tip than a bill for $100.

"That's also a point of tipping," Green says. "You have to give a little extra to the cabdriver for being there to pick you up and something to the waiter for being there to serve you. If they weren't there, you'd never get any service. So part of the idea of a tip is for just being there."

【1】Besides service, how many other fectors（因素）affecting the customers' tipping are mentioned in the passage?

A. 1B. 2

C. 3D. 4

【2】These studies show that .

A. tipping can be affected by physical reactions to many different waiters

B. the mimic waiters can get almost twice as much money as those who don't mimick others

C. people who are being mimicked usually tip less to the person who mimics them

D. mimicry makes the mimicker feel bad

【3】According to the passage, which of the following will be likely to show the right change of the tip percentages?

A. B.

C. D.

【4】We know from the passage that the writer seems to .

A. object to Mr Green's idea about tipping

B. think part of Mr Green's explanation is reasonable

C. support the opinions of Mr Green and Rick van Baaren about tipping

D. give his generous tip to waiters very often

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】B

【3】D

【4】C

【解析】

這是一篇說明文。文章向大家介紹了影響顧客消費后給的小費多少的諸多因素。

【1】細節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的內容（心理學家發(fā)現(xiàn)，小費不僅僅是關于服務的。 研究表明，顧客對服務員的言辭的選擇、點單時服務員的行為甚至對訂單總額的心理反應都會影響到小費的多少。）以及第三段內容（甚至服務員提醒了顧客多少也能決定最后的小費的多少）可知，除了服務，影響小費多少的因素還有服務員的言辭、點單時服務員的行為、訂單總額以及服務員提醒了顧客多少等四個因素。故選D。

【2】細節(jié)理解題。由第五段中的“The results were clear-it pays to mimic your customer. The copycat （模仿者）waiters earned almost double the amount of tips to the other group.”可知，結果很明顯---模仿是有用的。模仿者獲得的小費幾乎是另一組沒有模仿者的兩倍。故選B。

【3】推理判斷題。由第六段中的“they found tip percentages in these three areas dropped as customers' bills went up. In fact, tip percentages appear to plateau （穩(wěn)定期）when bills topped $100 and a bill for $200 made the worker gain no bigger percentage tip than a bill for $100.”可知，研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)，在服務員、出租車司機和理發(fā)師這三個領域，當賬單上升時小費的比例會下降。實際上，當賬單在100美金的時候小費比例趨于穩(wěn)定，200美金的賬單給的小費比例不會高于100美金賬單給的小費比例。也就是說，小費隨著賬單額的升高而降低，在100美金之后趨于穩(wěn)定。觀察圖像，與D圖像符合。故選D。

【4】推理判斷題。這是一篇說明文，由首段中的“The answer may not be as simple as you think.”可知作者認為給的小費多少的理由及原因沒有我們想的那么簡單，下文就是作者認為有可能的理由。也就說明作者是贊同Mr Green 和 Rick van Baaren 關于小費的研究的。故選C。

細節(jié)理解題是高考閱讀中的�？碱}型。本題中的第一題是典型的細節(jié)理解題。但是在做這一題時，同學們很容易做錯的一點是可能會找出第二段中的影響小費的因素，卻忽略第三段中影響小費的因素。避免出現(xiàn)這種遺漏的方法就是分析每段內容或者每段中心意思講的是什么，這樣就不會由于答案不在一個段落內而被落下。