Question

【題目】 Laboratory studies have shown that prolonged exposure to high intensity blue light damages retinal (視網(wǎng)膜的) cells in mice.【1】So, why is there the disconnect between blue light's effects on rodent(嚙齒類動(dòng)物) eyes and human eyes?

【2】We have protective elements, such as macular pigments (黃斑色素) and the natural blue-blocking ability of the crystalline lens (晶狀體). These structures absorb blue light before it reaches the delicate retina.

Just because blue light isn't harming your retina, it doesn't mean your electronic devices are harmless.【3】Mounting evidence suggests that screen time before bed increases the time it takes to fall sleep. It also robs you of restorative rapid-eye movement seep, dulls focus, and reduces brain activity the next day.

【4】

First, turn off your electronic devices before bed. Outside of the bedroom, when you do look at your screens, lower the brightness.

Second, follow the“20-20-20”rule The American Optometric Association(美國(guó)驗(yàn)光學(xué)會(huì)) defines this rule as taking a 20-second break every 20 minutes to look at something 20 feet in the distance. 【5】

Third, use lubricating eye drops before extended computer use. This method will build up the body's natural tears and keep the eye's surface water-bearing.

A.This will allow your eyes to relax.

B.Human eyes are different from rodent eyes.

C.That's why it's so important to have your eyes tested regularly.

D.Because of is wavelength, blue light dos disrupt healthy sleep physiology (生理機(jī)能).

E.But epidemiological (流行病學(xué)的) studies on real people tell a different story.

F.Consumers often don't think about the impact digital devices might have on their vision.

G.There are ways to make your screen viewing more comfortable and more helpful to seep.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】E

【2】B

【3】D

【4】G

【5】A

【解析】

這是一篇說(shuō)明文。作者給了幾個(gè)關(guān)于如何防止屏幕損害視力的建議。

【1】根據(jù)前文“Laboratory studies have shown that prolonged exposure to high intensity blue light damages retinal (視網(wǎng)膜的) cells in mice.”可知實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究表明，長(zhǎng)期暴露在高強(qiáng)度藍(lán)光下會(huì)損害小鼠的視網(wǎng)膜細(xì)胞。后文“why is there the disconnect between blue light's effects on rodent eyes and human eyes?”可知藍(lán)光對(duì)嚙齒類動(dòng)物眼睛的影響和對(duì)人類的眼睛影響不一樣。前后內(nèi)容上形成了對(duì)比，連接上下文，E項(xiàng)（但針對(duì)普通人的流行病學(xué)研究卻講述了一個(gè)不同的故事。）切題。故選E項(xiàng)。

【2】根據(jù)后文“We have protective elements, such as macular pigments (黃斑色素) and the natural blue-blocking ability of the crystalline lens (晶狀體). ”可知我們的眼睛有保護(hù)性成分，例如黃斑色素和晶狀體的天然藍(lán)光阻擋能力。也就是說(shuō)本段在講我們的眼睛與嚙齒類動(dòng)物眼睛的不同之處�？崭裉幵诙问祝�要總結(jié)全段，B項(xiàng)（人眼和嚙齒動(dòng)物的眼睛不同。）切題。故選B項(xiàng)。

【3】根據(jù)前文“Just because blue light isn't harming your retina, it doesn't mean your electronic devices are harmless.”可知僅僅因?yàn)樗{(lán)光不會(huì)傷害你的視網(wǎng)膜，并不意味著你的電子設(shè)備就沒(méi)有害處。根據(jù)后文“Mounting evidence suggests that screen time before bed increases the time it takes to fall sleep. It also robs you of restorative rapid-eye movement seep, dulls focus, and reduces brain activity the next day.”可知越來(lái)越多的證據(jù)表明，睡覺(jué)前使用屏幕會(huì)增加入睡時(shí)間。它還會(huì)讓你無(wú)法完成恢復(fù)精力的快速動(dòng)眼睡眠，讓你在第二天無(wú)法集中注意力，大腦活躍度下降。通過(guò)前后文可知這一段是關(guān)于藍(lán)光對(duì)眼睛的影響的，連接上下文，D項(xiàng)（藍(lán)光的波長(zhǎng)導(dǎo)致它確實(shí)會(huì)擾亂健康睡眠的生理規(guī)律。）切題。故選D項(xiàng)。

【4】根據(jù)下文“First, turn off your electronic devices before bed. Outside of the bedroom, when you do look at your screens, lower the brightness.”可知作者建議讀者首先睡覺(jué)前關(guān)掉你的電子設(shè)備。在其他場(chǎng)合看屏幕時(shí)，要調(diào)低亮度。最后兩段也都是作者給出的建議。根據(jù)位置和文章內(nèi)容判斷，這里的空格處要總結(jié)后面幾段，G項(xiàng)（這里有一些方法能讓你看屏幕更舒服，并降低其對(duì)睡眠的影響。）切題。故選G項(xiàng)。

【5】根據(jù)前文“Second, follow the“20-20-20”rule The American Optometric Association(美國(guó)驗(yàn)光學(xué)會(huì)) defines this rule as taking a 20-second break every 20 minutes to look at something 20 feet in the distance. ”可知第二個(gè)建議是遵循“三個(gè) 20”原則。美國(guó)驗(yàn)光協(xié)會(huì)將其定義為：每隔 20 分鐘休息 20 秒，并注視 20 英尺外的物體。根據(jù)前后兩段可以觀察出這幾段的格式都是先給一個(gè)建議，然后解釋這個(gè)建議有什么好處。所以這里要選一個(gè)選項(xiàng)解釋“三個(gè) 20”原則的好處。A項(xiàng)（這會(huì)讓眼睛有眨眼和放松的機(jī)會(huì)。）切題。故選A項(xiàng)。

當(dāng)文中出現(xiàn)明顯的結(jié)構(gòu)詞、詞組，或空格句在一些特殊位置，如段首、段尾等，要考慮文章、段落的行文結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)空格句在文中所起的作用，來(lái)考慮作答。

空格句在段首，可能有以下兩種情況。

①段落主題句：閱讀后文的內(nèi)容，推斷出段落主題，選出正確選項(xiàng)。

②過(guò)渡句：在后文找不到解題線索時(shí)，就要想到空格句子可能起到承上啟下的作用，試著從上一段的結(jié)尾處尋找線索。正確選項(xiàng)通常與上一段結(jié)尾能夠自然地銜接起來(lái)。

比如第2小題，空格句在段首。根據(jù)后文可知這段在講人類眼睛的特別之處，B項(xiàng)（人眼和嚙齒動(dòng)物的眼睛不同。）正好能夠總結(jié)這一段的內(nèi)容。答案選B項(xiàng)。