6．假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文．文中
共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處．每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改．
增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞．
刪除：把多余的詞用（\）劃掉．
修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞．
注意：1．每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；
2．只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分．
A boy lived near the Changjiang River was scolded by his parents on last Sunday．
Surprising，he didn't go to school on Monday．Instead，he took a bus to Chongqing，in
that he secretly slipped into a boat，sleeping all the way．The next morning he found him in Yichang．A lorry driver gives him a lift and something to eat．After visiting a few place of interest near Yidu，he stopped a car，which did not take him to Yidu and to Dangyang．
There he was picked up by a policeman and sent home by local government．How exciting
and grateful his parents were to meet him!

分析 本文主要講述了一個(gè)男孩因?yàn)槭艿搅烁改傅呢?zé)備，所以選擇了逃學(xué)并且離家出走的故事．男孩先是坐上了去重慶的公共汽車，然后又偷偷地溜到一條船上，睡了一路，第二天早上，醒來后發(fā)現(xiàn)自己到了宜昌．一位卡車司機(jī)讓他搭了便車，還給了他一些吃的，后來他還參觀了宜都附近的一些旅游勝地．最后在警察和當(dāng)?shù)卣膸椭�，他被送回了家�?/p>

解答 答案：
A boy lived near the Changjiang River was scolded by his parents on last Sunday．
 living或前加who或that                                                          去掉on                                                        
Surprising，he didn't go  to school on Monday．Instead，he took a bus to Chongqing，in that he
 Surprisingly                                                                                                                which
 slipped into a boat，sleeping all the way．The next morning he found him in Yichang．A lorry driver gives 
                                                                                                     himself                                     gave 
him a lift and something to eat．After visiting a few place of interest near Yidu，he stopped a car，
                                                                              places
which did not take him to Yidu and to Dangyang．There he was picked up by a policeman and sent home
                                               but   
 by∧local government．How excitingand grateful his parents were to meet him!
   the                                   excited
1  把lived改為living或在它的前加who或that    考查定語的用法   此處"…near the Changjiang"在句中作后置定語修飾名詞A boy，由于A boy 與動(dòng)詞live構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，故用動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式即living；或者可以在lived之前加關(guān)系代詞who或that，用定語從句來修飾先行詞A boy 
2  去掉on   考查介詞的用法     星期的名稱前如有l(wèi)ast，this，next等詞，在這些詞的前面應(yīng)省略介詞，故應(yīng)去掉on
3  把surprising改為Surprisingly     考查副詞的用法   此處用來修飾整個(gè)句子，表明說話人的看法；意為"令人吃驚的是"；故用副詞Surprisingly
4  把that改為which    考查關(guān)系代詞的用法     在定語從句中，that不能用于"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"的結(jié)構(gòu)中，其中的關(guān)系代詞可以是whom或which，由于本句的先行詞Chongqing是地名，故填which
5  把him改為himself    考查反身代詞的用法    根據(jù)語境可知，此處指的應(yīng)是他自己，意為：第二天早上，他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在宜昌；故用himself 
6  把gives改為gave    考查時(shí)態(tài)    根據(jù)上文的時(shí)間"on Monday"以及"The next morning"可知，此處應(yīng)是發(fā)生在星期二的事情，故用一般過去時(shí)
7  把place改為places   考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)   由于此處是用在a few （一些）之后的可數(shù)名詞；故用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式
8  把a(bǔ)nd改為but      考查連詞的用法     此處的"not…but…"意為"不是…而是…"；本句的意思是：他攔下了一輛車，這輛車沒帶他去宜都而是去了當(dāng)陽
9   在local前加the   考查定冠詞的用法    此處用在名詞短語之前，特指當(dāng)?shù)氐恼还侍砑觮he
10  把exciting改為excited   考查形容詞的用法    此處用來修飾人（his parents）；故 用由過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)化來形容詞

點(diǎn)評(píng) 短文改錯(cuò)是集語法知識(shí)與語言技能為一體的綜合性試題，主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)詞匯、語法和語篇三要素的把握能力．錯(cuò)誤類型一般有：缺詞、多詞和錯(cuò)詞．常見的錯(cuò)誤有：1 詞法錯(cuò)誤，主要包括動(dòng)詞、名詞、冠詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞和介詞等詞類誤用、同義詞混淆使用、固定搭配等方面．解答此類試題時(shí)，需要正確分析句子成分，熟練掌握各詞類的用法以及掌握一些固定搭配等．2 常見句法錯(cuò)誤．通常表現(xiàn)為簡(jiǎn)單句、復(fù)合句以及疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句等錯(cuò)誤．解答此類試題時(shí)，需要掌握各類句子的句式結(jié)構(gòu)及意義用法．3 應(yīng)在理解文章大意的前提下，進(jìn)行作答．

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