8."Indeed,"George Washington wrote in his diary in l785,"some kind of fly,or bug,had begun to hunt on the leaves before I left home."The father of our country was not the father of bug.When Washington wrote that sentence,Englishmen had been referring to insects as bugs for more than a century,and we Americans had already created lightening bug.But the English were soon to get rid of tile bugs in their language,leaving it to the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
The American bug could also be a person,an enthusiast or a fanatic,as the Congressional Globe(美國國會議事錄)records in l841:"Mr.Alford of Georgia warned the‘tariff bugs'of the South that…h(huán)e would read them out of church."And although"fan"became the usual term,sports enthusiasts were racing bugs,basketball bugs,and the like.And a bug could be just a plain person with mental disease,confined(限制)to a bughouse.
Or the bug could be a small machine or object,a telegraph key; a dip used by a card sharp to hold cards under the table;even a car,the small,bug-shaped,trademarked Volkswagen beetle.The bug could also be burglar alarm,from which comes the expression to bug,that is,originally"to install an alarm"now a surveillance(監(jiān)控)device like a hidden microphone.Since the l840s to bug has long meant"to cheat",and since the l940s it has been annoying.
We also know the bug as a fault in a computer program or other design.That meaning dates back long before computers to the laboratory of inventor Thomas Edison.In l878 he explained bugs as"little fault and difficulties"that require"months of anxious watching,study and labor"to overcome in developing a successful product.In l889 it was recorded that Edison"had been up the two previous nights discovering‘a(chǎn) bug'in his phonograph(留聲機)".
46.Who called insects as bugs in the 19th century?B
A.The English. B.The Americans
C.George Washington D.The author's father.
47.When did"bug"have the meaning"a fault in a computer program or other design?"A
A.Thomas Edison used it first in l878.
B.After George Washington wrote it in his diary.
C.Someone recorded Thomas Edison's work and used it first in 1889
D.After Mr.Alford used it in his speech.
48.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?B
A.How Edison found a bug. B.More meanings of bug
C.Computers have faults D.Discovery costs patience
49.From the passage we can infer thatD
A.George Washington found the bug first
B.England is more developed than America.
C.The English like animals.
D.The author is an American.
50.The text is most probably taken fromC
A.a(chǎn) diary B.a(chǎn) newsreel
C.a(chǎn) textbook D.a(chǎn) comic book of science.
分析 本文為一篇說明文.主要介紹了bug一詞的不同含義及發(fā)展過程.它可以指一個對某種活動著迷的人,也可以指一種小型機器或物體,還可以指防盜設(shè)備以及竊聽設(shè)備.如今,它可以指代電腦程序或其他設(shè)計中出現(xiàn)的缺陷,而在愛迪生時代,它指代發(fā)明中遇到的一些困難或問題.
解答 答案:46.A 細節(jié)理解題.文章第一段說leaving it to the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries到了十九世紀,英國人已經(jīng)不用bug這個詞了,把它留給了美國人.故選A.
47.A 細節(jié)理解題.文章最后一段說That meaning dates back long before computers to the laboratory of inventor Thomas Edison.In l878 he explained bugs as"little fault and difficulties"that require"months of anxious watching,study and labor"to overcome in developing a successful product在1878年,愛迪生把電腦中出現(xiàn)的錯誤解釋為bug.故選A.
48.B 段落大意題.最后一段說We also know the bug as a fault in a computer program or other design單詞bug還可以指電腦中出現(xiàn)的錯誤.故選B.
49.D 推理判斷題.文章第一段說we Americans had already created lightening bug我們美國人已經(jīng)創(chuàng)造了螢火蟲這個單詞.故選D.
50.C 推理判斷題.文章介紹了bug一詞的不同含義及發(fā)展過程,文中出現(xiàn)了大量的數(shù)據(jù)和實例,應(yīng)該是來自課本.故選C.
點評 閱讀理解是考查語篇理解能力.常考的題型有:推理判斷題;主旨大意題;細節(jié)理解題;猜測詞意題.近幾年又出現(xiàn)了兩種新的考查方式:寫作態(tài)度判斷題和文章結(jié)構(gòu)題.解題時,在讀懂文章的基礎(chǔ)上,還有特別注意掌握題型的特征,尤其是細節(jié)題和推斷題不可混淆:細節(jié)題是文章信息的再現(xiàn);推斷題是文章信息的提取.本題是廣告類文章,考查主要是以細節(jié)題為主,細節(jié)題要注意常用的出題陷阱有:夸大,縮小,張冠李戴,偷梁換柱,無中生有等,做題時要看清看準.