A practical English Grammar is intended for intermediate（中級的） and post-intermediate students. We hope that more advanced learners and teachers will also find it useful.
The book is a comprehensive survey of structures and forms, written in clear modern English and illustrated with numerous examples. Areas of particular difficulty have been given special attention. Differences between conversational usage and strict grammatical forms are shown but the emphasis is on controversial forms.
In the fourth edition the main changes are as follows.
1. Explanation and examples have been brought up to date.
2. There is now more information on countable and uncountable nouns, attributive and predicative adjectives, adverbs of place, sentence adverbs, cleft sentences, prepositions, conjunctives, modal verbs, perfect tenses, infinitive constructions, the passive, purpose clauses and nouns.
3. Some material has been rearranged to make comparisons easier. For example, parts of chapters on can, may, must etc. are now grouped by functions; verbs of liking and preference have a chapter to themselves; suggestions and invitations have joined the chapter on commands, requests and advice.
4. The contents list now summaries every edition heading, and there is a new index containing many more entries references.
In this edition the sign “~” is frequently used to show a change of speaker in examples of dialogue. Note also that although the sign “="”" sometimes connects two words or expressions with the same meaning, it is often used more freely, e.g. to indicate a transformation from active to passive or direct to indirect speech.
We wish to thank all at Oxford University Press who have assisted in the preparation of the fourth edition. We would also like to thank Professor Egawa of Nihon University, Japan, Professor Rene Dirven of Duisburg University, West Germany and other colleagues for their friendly and helpful suggestions.
London, November 1985   A.J.T., A.VM
小題1:The grammar book mentioned in this passage is not suitable for              .
A．a(chǎn) middle school teacherB．a(chǎn) primary school student
C．a(chǎn) senior high studentD．a(chǎn) college student
小題2:According to the passage, we know that his grammar book              .
A．compares modern English with old English
B．gives a large number of examples to reduce difficulty
C．a(chǎn)ttaches more importance to conversational forms
D．pays little attention to strict grammatical forms
小題3:Which of the following statements about the changes is TRUE?
A．This book keeps up with the latest usages of the America English language.
B．This edition offers more information about pronouns.
C．It’s not easy for us to find the information we need in this book.
D．One particular chapter discusses verbs like “care, like, love, hate, prefer, wish”.
小題4:When you see this line in the book, “Did you get a ticket? ~Yes, I managed to get one”, we can understand that             .
A．the two parts before and after the sign “~” mean the same
B．the two parts before and after “~” are said by two different people
C．the second speaker repeats what the first speaker says
D．the topic is changed in the part after the sign “~”
小題5:In the last paragraph, the authors thank several people because              .
A．they have helped the authors with this edition
B．they have agreed to buy a lot of books from the authors
C．the authors want to make use of the fames of those people
D．those people will make advertisements for this book

小題1:B
小題2:C
小題3:D
小題4:B
小題5:A

試題分析：本文主要介紹了實(shí)用英語語法書的特點(diǎn)及對它的第四版主要不同的地方進(jìn)行了介紹。
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第一段A practical English Grammar is intended for intermediate（中級的） and post-intermediate students.實(shí)用英語語法適合中級水平或者更高水平的學(xué)者。即不適用于小學(xué)生。故選B
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段Differences between conversational usage and strict grammatical forms are shown but the emphasis is on controversial forms.可知，更加注重于有爭議的形式，故選C.
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)題判斷題。根據(jù)第三條verbs of liking and preference have a chapter to themselves;可知某一個特定的章節(jié)會來討論意思相近的動詞的區(qū)別，故選D.
小題4:細(xì)節(jié)題。從In this edition the sign “~” is frequently used to show a change of speaker in examples of dialogue.可知，“~”表示兩個不同的人在對話，所以前后兩部分是不同的人說話的內(nèi)容，故選B.
小題5:細(xì)節(jié)題。從最后一段We would also like to thank Professor Egawa of Nihon University, Japan, Professor Rene Dirven of Duisburg University, West Germany and other colleagues for their friendly and helpful suggestions.可知，他們這些人都給作者提供了好的建議和幫助，故選A.
點(diǎn)評：本文不難，生詞多但并影響理解。文中主要對這本實(shí)用語法書進(jìn)行了有針對性的介紹。對于細(xì)節(jié)題較多的文章，學(xué)生應(yīng)該抱有信心，因?yàn)槊總�答案都在文章中，解答此類文章要注重細(xì)節(jié)，對長句子要耐心分析成分，結(jié)合題目仔細(xì)的作答。
練習(xí)冊系列答案
相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Several animal species including gorillas in Rwanda and tigers in Bangladesh could risk extinction if the impact of climate change and extreme weather on their habitats is not addressed, a UN report showed on Sunday.
Launched on the sidelines of global climate negotiations in Durban, the report by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization shows how higher temperatures, the rise in sea levels, deforestation and excessive land use have damaged the habitats of certain species, especially in Africa.
“Many ecosystems have already been stressed by increasing population, historical and recent deforestation, unsustainable management practices and even invasive (入侵的) species,” Eduardo Rojas-Briales, assistant director general at the FAO's forestry department, said at the launch of the report.
The most affected areas include mountains, isolated islands and coastal areas, which limit the possibilities for animals to migrate elsewhere and create new habitats.
“The remaining populations become surrounded in very small ecosystems, they have inbreeding (近親交配) problems ... and at the end these species may disappear,” he added.
Other examples of affected animals included elephants in Mali, lions in the Serengeti and crocodiles in Malawi.
The report said an estimated 20-30 percent of plant and animal species will be at higher risk of extinction due to global warming and a significant proportion of native species may become extinct by 2050 as a consequence.
Other consequences could include the spread of invasive species and infectious diseases, it said.
The report urges more focus on restoration of damaged ecosystems, especially those key to dealing with climate change such as mangroves(紅樹林), inland waters, forests, savannahs(非洲大草原) and grasslands.
The FAO also called for the creation of migration corridors for animals in areas where their movement was limited.
The organization said while more resources were flowing to biodiversity conservation, more action at the government and policy level was needed.
It also urged local communities to develop projects that mitigate the impact of climate change on wildlife, naming eco-tourism activities as an example.
小題1:What does the author tell us in Paragraph 2?
A．The theme of global climate negotiations in Durban.
B．The subject of research done by Eduardo Rojas.
C．Causes of damage done to ecosystems.
D．Harmful effects of damage done to ecosystems.
小題2:Why are animals living in mountains, islands and coastal areas most affected?
A．They are frequently attacked by invasive species and infectious diseases.
B．They have difficulty finding enough food for survival.
C．They can hardly find mates to produce their young.
D．They have little chance of moving to other places.
小題3:To avoid extinction of some animal species, the UNFAO suggested all the following ways EXCEPT ______.
A．restoring damaged ecosystems
B．limiting world population growth
C．creating movement channels for animals
D．urging governments and local communities to take action
小題4:What does the underlined word “mitigate” in the last paragraph mean?
A．increase or further improve something.
B．Make full use of something.
C．Make something become less serious.
D．Move from one place to another.
小題5:What would serve as the best title for the passage?
A．Animals at risk due to climate change.
B．Global warming and its consequences.
C．Climate change and ecotourism.
D．Solutions to animal distinction.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Earlier this year, the Environmental Protection Agency proposed a stricter nationwide health standard for smog-causing pollutants that would bring substantial benefits to millions of Americans. With a final rule expected by the end of this month, some opponents, mainly from industrial and oil-producing states, are pushing back. They say investments required to produce cleaner air are too expensive and not scientifically justified.
Lisa Jackson, the E.P.A. administrator, needs to stick to her guns. This is only the first of several political tests to come this fall, as she also seeks to tighten rules governing individual pollutants like mercury and global warming gases like carbon dioxide.
The health standard she is proposing covers ground-level ozone, commonly known as smog, which is formed when sunlight mixes with pollutants from factories, refineries, power plants and automobiles. Ozone is a major health threat, contributing to heart disease and various respiratory (呼吸道的) problems.
Ms. Jackson’s proposal—to reduce the permitted level of smog in the air from the current 75 parts per billion to between 60 parts per billion and 70 parts per billion—is sensible, no matter what industry’s defenders may claim. It had been recommended by the agency’s independent scientific panel but rejected by the Bush administration, which proposed a weaker standard.
Industry will have to make investments in cleaner power plants, and new technologies may be required. As it is, about half the counties that monitor ozone levels are not yet in compliance with current standards, let alone the proposed standard.
Fears about burdening industry raised by critics like George Voinovich, a Republican of Ohio, and Mary Landrieu, a Democrat of Louisiana, cannot be dismissed out of hand, especially in the middle of a recession (蕭條). But the health benefits, E.P.A. says, far outweigh the costs, and the time frame for compliance (服從) is generous.
小題1:Why are some people strongly against a stricter limitation of smog-caused pollutants?
A．Because they have to live a poorer life.
B．Because they think they have to spend more money.
C．Because they hold different political view.
D．Because they want to make more money.
小題2: What does Ms Jackson propose to do?
A．To reduce the permitted smog level as much as possible.
B．To raise the permitted smog level as much as possible.
C．To keep the permitted smog level from 60 to 70 to 75 parts per billion.
D．To lower the permitted smog level from 75 to 60 to 70 parts per billion.
小題3:What is the attitude of the author to the smog-controlling issue?
A．Objective.B．Subjective.C．Critical.D．Unknown.
小題4:Which of the following can serve as the best title of the whole passage?
A．Cleaner power plant on the way.
B．Say no to smog pollutants.
C．Lower smog pollutant, better our life.
D．Debate on smog pollutants.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

EAT YOUR VEGETABLES.Wash your hands. Always say  “please” and “thank you”. We are full of advice for our children, but when it comes to money, we often have little to say. As a result, our children may grow up with clean hands and good manners, but without any idea how tomanage their money.
　　Here are some basics that will help guide them their entire lives:
　　Show them the future. If your 13-year-old girl were to save $1.000,invest(投資)it at 8% and add $100 every month, by the time she’s 65,she would have $980,983!
　　Be careful of credit(信用).Credit cards can help you buy necessary things and build a credit history, but they must be used responsibly, which means paying off your debt in time. Explain to your children that when you buy something using a credit card, you can easily end up paying two or three times what you would have paid if you used cash.
　　Teach patience. Suppose your child wants a new bicycle that costs $150.Rather than paying the cash, give him some regular pocket money and explain that by putting aside,say,$15 each week, he will be able to buy it for himself in only ten weeks.
　　Provide incentive. Tell your children the importance of saving. “For every dollar he or she agrees to save and invest rather than spend, you agree to add another dollar to the pot,” says Cathy Pareto, expert in money planning.
　　Explain your values. Values and money are deeply intertwined, says Eilleen Gallo,co-author of The Financially Intelligent Parent. When your child demands that you buy something, explain why you really don’t want to buy it.“You might say, ‘I’d rather save that money for your  education,’” advises Gallo. Every time you spend or don’t spend money, you have a chance to share your values.
小題1:The writer gives some basics to help________ in a proper way.
A．parents teach their children how to deal with money
B．children follow their parents’ instructions
C．children manage their money
D．parents save their money
小題2:The writer thinks that, if a child wants to buy something, his parents should________.      .
A．give him some regular pocket money
B．encourage him to put money away for it
C．explain to him the importance of investment
D．tell him to save some money by using a credit card
小題3:The underlined word “incentive” in paragraph 6 means_________.       .
A．honorB．praiseC．excitementD．encouragement
小題4:What leads the writer to write this article?_________
A．Parents want to know how to educate their children.
B．He wants to share his good ideas about money matters.
C．He thinks money management the most important for children.
D．Parents care Little about their children’s management of money.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

If you get a cellphone call, your sleeve(袖子) will soon be able to answer it. If you want to know how far you’ve run, your trousers will be able to tell you. Can’t decide what to wear? Wish your clothes were smart enough to decide for you? A new computer science technology may be able to help your clothing to do just that.
Mark Jones, a computer scientist, says, "We view electronic textiles (電子紡織品) as, sort of, where computing meets the fabric (編織品)."
This high-tech marriage is bringing up the wearable computers, like trousers that can interpret movement and let a computer know your every move.
A loom (織布機(jī)) helps make the wires and fabric together. Then special equipment in the fabric can measure the speed. Signals are then sent from the trousers to a computer to show the process.
Tom Martin also says, "E-textiles are a way for us to build wearable computers that look like normal clothing and can fit in fully with the environment."
Researchers also hope wearable computers will help save lives. "We will be able to tell what activity a person is doing. That sort of information is highly valuable when we’re trying to monitor someone with a long-term illness such as heart disease," Jones says. Monitoring your every step is something that clever clothing can do a little easier. Researchers plan on developing more smart clothes to integrate computers into shirts, hats and gloves.
小題1:What does the underlined word "marriage" refer to in the passage?
A．The special equipment in the fabric used to measure the speed of our movement.
B．The unity（結(jié)合）of fabric and computing materials to make smart clothes.
C．Wearable computers which fit in with the environment.
D．The influence of electronics and computer science technology.
小題2:How will smart clothes be able to know the wearer’s every movement?
A．There are the wires and fabric together.
B．There are signals in the smart clothes.
C．The computer built into them will control their every movement.
D．The clothing will have special equipment fixed into the fabric.
小題3:The reason that people need smart clothes is that __________.
A．people are too lazy to decide what to wear
B．scientists want to prove their intelligence
C．smart clothes can provide information about the wearer’s health
D．smart clothes are as cheap as normal clothes
小題4:What is the best title for the passage?
A．Connecting Clothes with High Technology
B．New Ways to Discover Illnesses Early
C．How to Use a Computer
D．Smart Clothes and Exercise

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Scientists would like to place a huge mirror in space above the earth. It might be sixty miles wide. It would be used to catch the rays (光線) of the sun. It would direct the sun’s rays upon the earth as a child might do to make sunlight dance on the wall with a hand mirror.
Why do they want to do this? The sun’s rays could be helpful in many ways. They could light up cities by night. The warm rays could stop frosts (霜凍) which might come at night and hurt fruit crops. They could melt (融化) dangerous icebergs in the ocean. Perhaps they could change cloud movements and bring rain where it is needed.
小題1:The huge mirror would ______.
A．stand 60 miles in height (高度) B．be 60 miles from side to side
C．cover 60 miles of the earth D．be 60 miles above the earth
小題2:The mirror would be used to ______.
A．reflect (反射) sunlightB．a(chǎn)bsorb (吸收) sunlight
C．see what the earth looks like D．see how clouds move
小題3:The strong light from the mirror could possibly ______.
A．hurt fruit cropsB．set fire to cities
C．bring longer daytimeD．shine through walls
小題4:The huge mirror is ______.
A．something in a story B．a(chǎn)lready made
C．just an ideaD．to be made soon

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Scientists are making new studies of color and its effects on our health. They have known for a long time that the color of a room or the color of the light in it can affect our feelings and emotions. Many prisons and hospitals have at least one room that is painted pink. Officials have found that light and color can produce physical changes in our bodies.
Professor Falfan worked with a group of 9 disabled children at school in Albert. Two of the children were blind. The other seven had normal sight. The scientists changed the color of the school room, then looked for changes in blood pressure, heart beat and breathing rate. The effects of color changes were the same for the blind children as for those with normal sight. Their blood pressure dropped from about 120 to 100. Similar changes were reported in heart-beat and the breathing. The children also were calmer and less excited. Then the colors of the room were returned to orange and white. Blood pressure, heart-beat and breathing rate went up and the children became excited again.
Professor Falfan said different colors produce different levels of light energy. He said the differences seem to affect chemicals in the brain that carry messages from nerve to nerve and from nerve to muscle.
小題1:Light and color can affect________.
A．only one’s feelings and emotions
B．one’s energy
C．one’s mental changes
D．one’s heart-beat, brain activities, blood pressure, feelings and emotions
小題2:The color of pink had a calming effect, that is to say, the color affects __________.
A．the chemicals in the brainB．the eyes
C．the skinD．the muscle
小題3:According to the text, orange and white are colors which can make people ________.
A．calm B．a(chǎn)ctiveC．sickD．blind
小題4:The colors in the school room mentioned in the passage were changed from _________.
A．orange to whiteB．orange and white to dark blue
C．orange and white to pink or some other colorsD．gray to more colors
小題5:After reading the passage we can conclude that ________.
A．blind people can be affected by colors, too
B．one’s heart will beat fast in a colorful room than in a white room
C．the chemicals in the brain change with feelings and emotions
D．if one’s blood pressure drops, his breathing will get slower and slower

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

To master a language one must be able to speak and understand the spoken language as well as to read and write．Lenin and his wife translated a long English book into Russian but when they went to England in 1902, English people couldn't understand a word Lenin and his wife said, and Lenin and his wife couldn't understand what was said to them．This shows the importance of spoken language．
Speaking, of course can't go without listening．If you want to pronounce a word correctly, first you must hear it correctly．The sounds of Chinese and English languages are not exactly the same．If you don't listen carefully, you'll find it difficult or even impossible to understand the native speakers．
Well, what about writing﹖ Like speaking, it's to exchange ideas．People usually use shorter words and shorter sentences in their writing．
The important thing is to make your idea clear in your mind and then to write it in a clear lively language．
Chinese students read too slowly．If you read fast, you understand better．If you read too slowly by the time you have reached to the end of a page you have forgotten what the beginning is about．When you meet with new words don't look them up in the dictionary．Guess the meaning to form the context. You may not guess quite correctly the first time but as new words appear again and again in different context their meaning will become clearer and clearer. If you look up every word you'll never finish a book．
Students of a foreign language need a particular knowledge, the knowledge of the life, history and geography of the people whose language they're studying. They should study those subjects in the foreign language not only in translation．In this way one can kill two birds with one stone: learn a foreign language and get some knowledge of the foreign country at the same time．
小題1:In England Lenin        ．
A．could be understood by Englishmen
B．could understand Englishmen
C．a(chǎn)nd Englishmen couldn't understand each other
D．a(chǎn)nd Englishmen could understand each other
小題2:In the first paragraph the writer told us        ．
A．how to speak English
B．how to read and write
C．why English people couldn't understand the Lenins
D．spoken English is important
小題3:In the fifth paragraph the writer advised us on        ．
A．how to guess the meaning of the words
B．how to read fast
C．how to look up new words in the dictionary
D．how to read carefully
小題4:“Kill two birds with one stone” means        ．
A．to get some particular knowledge
B．to get more than what one pays
C．the stone is very useful
D．the birds are blind enough
小題5:In the last paragraph the writer advised us        ．
A．to kill two birds with one stone
B．to learn two languages at the same time
C．to study all the subjects in a foreign language
D．to get some knowledge of the foreign country whose language we are studying

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Anyone who has ever lost keys or money will have wished for a simple but effective way to make sure it never happens again. A US company is trying to help.
Using a tiny microchip which is implanted into the arm, they have come up with a replacement for cash or credit cards that cannot be left at home or dropped on the bus.
The Verichip is about the size of a grain of rice and works using radio frequency  identification technology. At a shop, a radio frequency “reader” would send a signal and the chip in your arm would respond with your unique identity number. That would give the “reader” your financial information, and money could be taken directly from your accounts and you wouldn't even have to reach for your wallet.
The company also hopes to include other information on the chip, such as medical records, building security codes(密碼) and passwords, making life even easier.
But not everyone is happy with the developments. Critics say that a lot can go wrong with the chip. A clever thief could build a fake(假的) reader that would steal your information without you knowing. So your money could still be stolen. Privacy is a big issue too. Stores, or even the government, only need to track the chip to find out what you buy, how much you spend and where you go.
And if you wanted to get rid of your chip,you would need an operation to remove it.
小題1:The Verichip is         .
A．the identity number B．the security code
C．a(chǎn) tiny microchipD．a(chǎn) radio reader
小題2:Paragraph 3 is mainly about         .
A．how the Verichip works
B．the importance of the Verichip
C．the development of the Verichip
D．how money is taken from your accounts
小題3:Which is true of the Verichip?
A．Your information on it will always be safe.
B．Medical records have already been included.
C．You can easily reach for your wallet using it.
D．An operation has to be performed to remove it.
小題4:What can be inferred from the text?
A．All people are satisfied with the chip.
B．The Verichip company has financial problems.
C．The chip needs improving to be widely accepted.
D．Many people have the experience of losing keys or money.
小題5:The author's purpose of writing the text is most likely to         .
A．warn B．a(chǎn)dvertiseC．compare D．introduce

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習(xí)冊答案