Question

  Doctor are known to be terrible pilots. They don't listen because they already know it all. I was lucky: I became a pilot in 1970, almost ten years before I graduated from medical school. I didn't realize then, but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon. I loved flying. As I flew bigger, faster planes, and in worse weather. I learned about crew resource management (機(jī)組資源管理), or CRM, a new idea to make flying safer. It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result, regardless of positions.

   I first read about CRM in 1980. Not long after that, an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather. The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready. The attending doctor was flying; I was safety pilot. He was so busy because of the bad turn, he had forgotten to put the landing gear (起落架) down. He was a better pilot - and my boss - so it felt unusual to speak up. But I had to: Our lives were in danger. I put aside my uneasiness and said, "We need to put the landing gear down now!" That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM, and I've used it in the operating room ever since.

CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up. It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesn't overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again. So when I'm in the operating room, I ask for ideas and help from others. Sometimes they're not willing to speak up. But I hope that if I continue to encourage them, someday someone will keep me from ”landing gear up”.

36. What does the author say about doctors in general?

A. They like flying by themselves.

B. They are unwilling to take advice.

C. They pretend to be good pilots.

D. They are quick learners of CRM.

37. The author deepened his understanding of the power of CRM when_______.

A. he saved the plane by speaking up

B. he was in charge of a flying task

C. his boss landed the plane too late

D. his boss operated on a patient

38. In the last paragraph” landing gear up” probably means ______.

A. following flying requirements.

B. overreacting to different opinions.

C. listening to what fellow doctors say

D. making a mistake that may cost lives

39. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A.CRM: A New Way to Make Flying Safe

B. Flying Makes Me a Better Doctor

C. The Making of a Good Pilot

D. A Pilot-Turned Doctor

Answer 1

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，題材是故事。作者講述了自己把當(dāng)飛行員時(shí)學(xué)會(huì)的機(jī)組資源管理理念運(yùn)用到后來(lái)自己從醫(yī)的手術(shù)室中。飛行經(jīng)歷使自己成為一名更出色的醫(yī)生。

段落	關(guān)鍵詞、句	大意推測(cè)
第一部分（Para. 1）	pilots；a better surgeon；CRM ；a new idea to make flying safer；listen and speak up	總說(shuō)：當(dāng)飛行員時(shí)學(xué)會(huì)的機(jī)組資源管理思想使我成為一名更出色的外科醫(yī)生。
第二部分（Para. 2）	flying in bad weather ；speak up; my first real lesson; the power of CRM ; used it in the operating room	在我和一位主治醫(yī)師的一次飛行中，我在危機(jī)時(shí)刻大聲說(shuō)出了“按下起降架”。這是我運(yùn)用CRM的第一堂課。后來(lái)我把它運(yùn)用到手術(shù)室。
第三部分（Para. 3）	encourage others to speak up; doesn't overreact; prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again; in the operating room; continue to encourage them	機(jī)組資源管理要求醫(yī)生或飛行員鼓勵(lì)別人大聲說(shuō)話(huà)。同時(shí)對(duì)不同意見(jiàn)不要采取過(guò)激的行動(dòng)，不然別人就不再說(shuō)出自己的意見(jiàn)了。我在手術(shù)室不斷地管理別人大聲講話(huà)。

【解析】

36. B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。難度：中等。根據(jù)文章第一段中Doctor are known to be terrible pilots. They don't listen because they already know it all.（眾所周知，醫(yī)生是糟糕的飛行員。他們聽(tīng)不進(jìn)建議因?yàn)樗麄円呀?jīng)全都知道了。）可知他們聽(tīng)不進(jìn)別人的意見(jiàn)。這和選項(xiàng)B一致。其他選項(xiàng)文章內(nèi)容沒(méi)有提到過(guò)。

37. A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。難度：中等。根據(jù)文章第二段中的But I had to（speak up）: Our lives were in danger. I put aside my uneasiness and said, "We need to put the landing gear down now!" That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM（我們的生命處于危險(xiǎn)之中，危機(jī)時(shí)刻我大聲地說(shuō)：“我們必須按下起降架” 這是我運(yùn)用CRM的第一堂課。）可知A正確。

38. D。猜測(cè)短語(yǔ)含義題。難度：較難。根據(jù)文章第三段中的So when I'm in the operating room, I ask for ideas and help from others. Sometimes they're not willing to speak up. But I hope that if I continue to encourage them, someday someone will keep me from ”landing gear up”.可以推知：當(dāng)我在手術(shù)室時(shí)，我向別人征求意見(jiàn)和尋求幫助。有時(shí)他們不愿大聲說(shuō)話(huà)。但我希望如果我不斷地鼓勵(lì)他們，有朝一日，有人就能阻止我犯以生命為代價(jià)的錯(cuò)誤（landing gear down挽救了飛機(jī)和我們的命；landing gear up如果不按下起降架就會(huì)飛機(jī)失事?tīng)奚�生命）。故選D。

39. B。推測(cè)文章的標(biāo)題。難度：中等。根據(jù)文章的整體內(nèi)容上看，作者采用倒敘的方法。第一段敘述故事的結(jié)果，從而引出下文的故事。而第一段中的becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon是文章的中心句，這句涵蓋了整個(gè)文章內(nèi)容，而選項(xiàng)B和中心句一致。所以B正確。

【難句學(xué)習(xí)】

1.It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesn't overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again.

翻譯：機(jī)組資源管理理念進(jìn)一步要求，當(dāng)（聽(tīng)到）對(duì)方不同的意見(jiàn)的時(shí)候，醫(yī)生不有過(guò)激的反應(yīng)。這可能阻止同行醫(yī)生再次提出意見(jiàn)。

分析：句中that后面是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句中又包含一個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，which代替前面整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容。

2.But I hope that if I continue to encourage them, someday someone will keep me from ”landing gear up”.

翻譯：但我希望如果我不斷地鼓勵(lì)他們，有朝一日，有人就能阻止我犯以生命為代價(jià)的錯(cuò)誤。

分析：句中that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句中又含有一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。