B
How do apology languages work? Have you ever tried to apologize, only to be refused? It may be that you were offering a partial apology in a “l(fā)anguage”, that was foreign to your listener. The five languages of apology include:
Apology Language 1: “I am sorry.”
List the hurtful effects of your action. Not “I am sorry if …”, but “I am sorry that…”. You might ask if they want to add any points that you have not recognized.
Apology Language 2:“I was wrong.”
Name your mistake and accept fault. Note that it is easier to say “You are right” than “ I am wrong”, but the latter carries more weight.
Apology Language 3: “What can I do to make it right?”
How are you now? How shall I make amends(彌補(bǔ)) to you? How can I restore your confidence that I love you— even though I was so hurtful to you?
Apology Language 4: “I’ll try not to do that again.”
Engage in problem-solving. Don’t make excuses for yourself such as, “Well, my day was just so…” Instead, offer what you will change to prevent yourself from putting them in the same bad situation again.
Apology Language 5: “Will you please forgive me?”
Be patient in seeking forgiveness. They may need some time or greater clarification(澄清) of your input from Apology Languages 1-4.
Finally, your apology may not be accepted, but at least you know that you have been faithful in offering a sincere olive branch(橄欖枝) of peace.
小題1:The passage mainly talks about___________

A．5 tips for apologies that work	B．5 ways of refusing apologies
C．the function of apology languages	D．the importance of apology languages

小題2:According to Paragraph 1, your apology may be refused mainly because________

A．your listeners can’t understand your dialect.

B．your listeners can’t hear what you said clearly.

C．your apology is not sincere.

D．your apology is not expressed well enough.

小題3:When offering an apology, which of the following does the author prefer?

A．“You are right”	B．“I am sorry if …”
C．“I was wrong.”	D．“Well, my day was just so…”

小題4:In the last paragraph, the author tells us even if your apology may not be accepted, at least ___________.

A．It’s your fault any more	B．your mind will be at peace
C．your friend will make peace with you.	D．your apology is true to your heart

Here is some news of the future.
March 20, 2035
There was a lot of news around the life extension drugs that hit the market a decade ago. They didn't promise that you would like forever, but they gave you a chance to extend your life an extra five to ten years. Even though the life expectancy rate at birth has increased greatly, the life expectancy for seniors hasn't improved that much. Basically, you have a greater chance to become a senior, but you will not have a much longer lifespan, and this is where the anti-aging drugs intend to kick in. So, do the anti-aging drugs work? Well，it is too early to tell. But the sales so far are very good.
April 19, 2035
Of the total US population of 378 million, people over 65 years of age now make up 20% for the first time. The senior ratio of only 4.1% by year 1900, and 12.4% 30 years ago.
The number of people above 65 compared to those of what is considered working ages, between 15 and 64, is currently 33.7%. This is up from 18.5% since year 2005, which means that for every retired person there are now two workers, compared to four workers 30 years ago. The number of people above the age of 80 has grown to 23.8 million, making them 6.3% of the total population compared to 3.6% in 2005.
April 12, 2040
Although introduced in the market only five years ago, 10% of all hydrogen fuel now sold in the US is of the environmentally friendly Re-Hydro label, produced through eletrolysis(電解) based on a source of 100% renewable energy. Several producers have turned to producing Re-Hydro, mainly because of lower tax, which also keeps the price of Re-Hydro on the same level as regular hydrogen. Most analysts believe that Re-Hydro will be the dominating fuel in the future.
小題1:According to News 1 we know that the life extension drugs ____.

A．were first sold in the year 2025.

B．a(chǎn)re made to make people live forever.

C．should be taken when people are young.

D．have greatly increased the life expectancy rate at birth.

小題2:The sales of the life extension drugs so far clearly show that_____.

A．people have no faith in them

B．people want to give them a try

C．they work very well for seniors

D．they have no effect on people’s health

小題3:What can we learn from News 2?

A．Many Americans will find it hard to find a job.

B．It’s very hard for seniors to pass the age of 80.

C．The US population has been increasing rapidly since 2005.

D．The US population has been aging rapidly since 2005.

小題4:We can know from the passage that the fuel of the Re-Hydro label is ______.

A．expensive

B．cheap

C．green

D．dangerous

小題5:What can we infer from News 3?

A．Re-Hydro will be widely used in the future.

B．The government discourages the production of Re-Hydro.

C．Producers are not interested in producing Re-Hydro.

D．Re-Hydro is more expensive than regular hydrogen.

Would you want a doctor who got high marks in medical school just for trying hard? Apparently many college students would have no problem with that. They believe students are owed a good grade simply because they put a lot of effort into a class.
The researchers asked more than 800 undergraduates if they agreed or disagreed with some statements. For example: "If I have completed most of the reading for a class, I deserve a B in that course." And: "A professor should not be annoyed with me if I receive an important call during class."
Just 16 percent thought it was OK to take that phone call. But 66 percent agreed that a professor should consider effort and not just the quality of a student's work when deciding grades. And 40 percent thought they should get a B, the second highest mark, just because they did most of the reading for class.
Some experts are not surprised that students often see no difference between effort and results. Social critics like to say that in children's activities these days everyone gets an award just for trying, so no one will feel rejected.
Yet competition to get into the best colleges is fiercer than ever. Students may worry that low grades will keep them out of graduate school or a good job.
And there may be another explanation: pressure from parents to get a good return on the family's investment. These days, college can cost more than a house.
A former teaching assistant recently wrote to the New York Times about his experience with grade expectations. He would try to explain it this way when students asked for a top grade just for studying hard in chemistry class:
What if a baseball player came to spring training and worked harder than all the others, but still could not play well? Would the team accept him anyway, just because he tried so hard?
The students would say no. But most of them would still ask for an A.
小題1:What does the passage mainly discuss?

A．How students can get a good grade in the course.

B．Whether students are allowed to answer calls in class.

C．Whether students deserve high marks just for trying hard.

D．Why students put a lot of efforts in their studies.

小題2:According to the research, most of the students _______.
A. thought it was all right to answer the call during class.
B. objected to deciding grades only by the quality of a student’s work.
C. thought they did most of the work for class and should get a B.
D. agreed that they should be given top grades because of their hard work.
小題3: Which of the following opinions do social critics agree to about children’s activities?

A．Those who are active in the activities can get an award.

B．Only by playing an important role in the activities can you get an award.

C．An award is prepared for anyone who performs best in the activities.

D．Whoever takes part in the activities can get an award.

小題4:From the sixth paragraph we can learn that _____.

A．it costs much more to build a college than to buy a house.

B．the costs of studying at college are much more than staying at home.

C．the costs of sending a child to college are much more than buying a house.

D．it is difficult for parents to send a child to college.

小題5:What does the former assistant want to tell students with the example of the baseball player?

A．Effort can lead to good results.	B．Effort is very necessary.
C．Effort and results are quite different.	D．No good results, effort is unnecessary.

Clothes can make phone calls, play music, dial your pal's number, keep you warm during cold weather and operate your computer.
This is not a fantasy. A British company, called Electrotextiles, has created a wide range of clothes—clothes that have minds of their own! Scientists, working for the company, have invented a kind of fabric that can be blended (混合) with flexible electronic materials to create intelligent clothing. The results are electronic garments.
If you think the wearer has to be wired to different devices, think again. These designer clothes are wire-­free, soft to touch and washable! Like any electronic device, these high-­tech clothes have to be powered. Currently, a tiny nine-­volt battery serves the purpose. But the researchers hope that in the near future the clothes will generate electricity by using body heat. These clothes are 100% shock ­proof, they say.
The Electrotextiles team has also created the world's first cloth keyboard. This keyboard can be sewn into your trousers or skirt. To use this device, you will have to sit down and tap on your lap! These “l(fā)ap-­tap” gadgets (器具)are all set to take over laptop computers!
Another useful garment is the shirt­-cum-­mobile phone. This handy invention enables drivers to chat comfortably with others at the wheel! Other popular electronic wear include the denim(牛仔布) jacket with flexible earphones sewn into the hood(風(fēng)帽) and the electronic ski jacket with a built-­in heater. The ski jacket is also programmed to send signals to a satellite. This technology is known as global positioning system and can be used to track lost skiers and wandering kids.
Having completed the cloth keyboard, scientists have already started to work on a new project—a necktie that can be used as a computer mouse. What is the next? Do you have any idea?
小題1:The electronic garments are similar to other electronic devices in that________.

A．they use electricity to generate power

B．they feel smooth and soft

C．they can be washed in water

D．they are made from flexible materials

小題2:How will researchers improve these high­-tech clothes?

A．A tiny nine­-volt battery will work.

B．The wearer will not get shocked.

C． Body heat will be used to generate electricity

D．They will get charged automatically.

小題3:What does the underlined phrase “This handy invention” in Paragraph 5 refer to?

A．The laptop computer.

B．The electronic ski jacket.

C．The shirt-­cum-­mobile phone.

D．The world's first cloth keyboard.

小題4:If you are going on a ski adventure, which device do you need?

A．The cloth keyboard.

B．The electronic ski jacket.

C．The necktie to be used as a mouse.

D．The denim jacket with earphones.

小題5:The main purpose of the text is________.

A．to advertise for an English company

B．to predict the future trend of science

C．to show how rapidly science develops

D．to introduce some intelligent clothing

A new study shows one of the largest glaciers(冰川) in Greenland is becoming smaller and speeding to the sea faster than scientists expected. If it continues, Greenland itself could become much smaller during this century and global seas could rise as much as 3 feet.
The rates of change that we’re noticing are much higher than expected. If these rates continue, it is not likely that Greenland could shrink by several tens of percent this century. However, it’s not known how quickly this coastal response of the Greenland ice sheet melting will have an effect on the vast inland ice.
Greenland is the world’s largest island, covering area more than three times the size of Texas. Some 81 percent of it is covered by ice, and there are many glaciers. Glaciers are like slow-moving rivers of ice. Where a glacier meets the sea, its weight keeps it firmly resting on the bottom. A glacier’s front is the point where the water is deep enough that the glacier floats.
Since the 1970s, the front of Helheim stayed in the same place. Then it began melting rapidly, moving back 4.5 miles from 2001 through this past summer. It has also grown thinner, from top to bottom, by more than 130 feet since 2001. And over these past years, its trip to the sea has sped up from about 70 feet per day to nearly 110.
The melting is driven by a warmer climate. Temperatures in Greenland have risen more than five degrees Fahrenheit(華氏溫度) in the last ten years. Since most of Greenland’s ice is on land, seas will rise as the ice melts. If all Greenland’s ice sheet melted, oceans would be 15-20 feet higher. Nobody expects that to happen any time soon.
小題1:What can we know about the glaciers according to the passage?

A．Glaciers only lie in Greenland.

B．Water in glaciers is more than sea water.

C．Glaciers sometimes float on the water.

D．Glaciers can increase the water level of lakes.

小題2:According to the passage, we know that Greenland ___________.

A．belongs to Canada

B．is the largest island in North America

C．is all covered with glaciers

D．is sinking under the sea level

小題3:Which of the following may be the result of the disappearing of Greenland glaciers?

A．The climate of the world will be warmer.

B．The glaciers in other areas will be bigger.

C．It will be easy for explorers to visit the island.

D．Some coastal cities may be under the sea.

The search for life in the universe took a step forward last month with the opening of the Allen Telescope Array(艾倫望遠(yuǎn)鏡陣列) in Hat Creek, California. The telescopes were partly made possible by a gift of twenty-five million dollars from Paul Allen. The total cost of the project is already fifty million dollars.
At present, there are 42 radio telescopes working at the Hat Creek observatory. The signals they receive are combined to create what is equal to a single, very large telescope. The telescope will be used to observe objects like exploding stars, black holes and other objects that are predicted but have not yet been observed. Seth Shostak of the SETI Institute says this is the first telescope whose main purpose is to search for signals from intelligent life in space. The SETI Institute is based in Mountain View, California. The organization supports the search for other life forms in the universe.
What makes the Allen Telescope Array unusual is that it can collect and study information from a wide area of the sky. In addition, the 42 telescopes can study information about several projects at the same time. That means studies of large areas of the sky can be made faster than ever before.
Some officials think the Allen Telescope Array will be completed in three more years. 350 individual radio telescopes are planned. The new abilities of the Allen Telescope Array will make searching for stars similar to the sun much faster.
An earlier search by SETI, Project Phoenix, studied about 800 stars to a distance of 240 light years. The project ended in 2004. With the Allen Telescope Array, astronomers hope to gather thousands of times more information in the search for life beyond our planet.
小題1:The main purpose of the Allen Telescope Array is          .

A．to serve for the research of weather predication

B．to prepare for the wars against life from the universe

C．to search for signals from intelligent life in space

D．to observe exploding stars, black holes and other objects

小題2:From this passage we know that         .

A．the 42 radio telescopes at Hat Creek observatory can work together

B．the total cost of the project came from Paul Allen

C．Hat Creek observatory can receive signals from all parts of the worm

D．Hat Creek observatory is operated by an American named Paul Allen

小題3:Which of the following is TRUE according to this passage?

A．The Allen Telescope Array takes much more room than former telescopes.

B．The Allen Telescope Array is still being built at present in the United States.

C．Another 42 radio telescopes will be fixed in the Allen Telescope Array.

D．The SETI Institute is against the search for other life forms in the universes.

小題4:With the help of the Allen Telescope Array,         .

A．a(chǎn)stronomers can gather more information than before from other planets

B．humans will have more chances to live on other planets than before

C．humans will be able to find more natural resources on other planets

D．scientists will be able to find more natural resources from other planets

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從下框的A—F選項(xiàng)中選出能概括每一段主題的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余項(xiàng)(E涂AB,F涂AC)

A Avoid asking your child too many questions B Tell your child stories about your growing up C Don’t judge or criticize your child D Listen to your kids with respect E Provide pressure-free conversation opportunities F Ask children gently what they think

   If your child has gone from a continuous chatterbox to making conversations that consist mostly of yes and no, it’s time to consider these tips on how to talk to kids, so you’ll know what’s going on in your child’s world.
小題1:  
The quickest way to get kids to shut up and, as a result, shut you out of their lives is to continuously press them about things. A more effective way is to sit back and patiently wait for them to open up in a low-stress family and then be prepared to listen.
小題2:  
Parents can sometimes make kids at a young age decide it is best not to talk about something when they are criticized. If you really want to know what’s on your child’s mind, then avoid passing judgment and focus instead on why something seems important to your child.
小題3:
If you want to raise a creative and independent thinker, stop telling your child what he ought to feel or think. You can gently encourage additional conversations by simply asking why he feels the way he does or what he would do in a certain situation.
小題4:  
You may think you’re just asking questions out of curiosity when communicating with your child, but an endless stream of questions about what they did, whether everyone got along, if they went to the bathroom, ect., are enough to make anyone shut up! Practice patience and let your kids open up on their terms.
小題5:
Kids can relate to you and other adults when you tell your stories happening when you were their age. Talking to kids by telling them about things like something embarrassing that happened or the first crush(迷戀) you had helps them to connect with you and understand that you might actually know what they are going through!

Education is not an end , but a means to an end. In other words, we do not educate children only for the purpose of educating them. Our purpose is to fit them for life.
In many modern countries it has for some time been fashionable（流行的）to think that by free education for all whether rich or poor, clever or stupid --- one can solve all the problems of society and build a perfect nation. But we can already see that free education for all is not enough: we find in such countries a far larger number of people with university degrees（學(xué)位）they refuse to do what they think "low" work; and in fact, work with hands is thought to be dirty and shameful in such countries. But we have only to think a moment to understand that the work of a completely uneducated farmer is far more important than that of a professor: we can live without education, but we die if we have no food. If no one cleaned our streets and took the rubbish away from our houses, we should get terrible diseases in our towns…
In fact, when we say that all of us must be educated to fit us for life, it means that we must be educated in such a way that, firstly, each of us can do whatever work suited to his brains and ability, and secondly, that we can realize that all jobs are necessary to society, and that it is very bad to be unwilling to do one's work. Only such a type of education can be considered valuable to society.
小題1:In the writer’s opinion,_________

A．free education for all probably leads to a perfect world

B．a(chǎn)ll the social problems can’t be solved by education

C．education can solve most of the world’s problems

D．free education will help to solve all the problems of society

小題2:The writer wants to prove that _______

A．a(chǎn) farmer is more important than a professor

B．our society needs free education for all

C．our society needs all kinds of jobs

D．work with hands is the most important

小題3:The purpose of education is to ________

A．build a perfect world	B．let everyone receive education
C．choose officials for the country	D．prepare children mainly for their future work

小題4:What is mainly discussed in the text?

A．The type of education	B．The value of education
C．The means of education	D．The system of education

小題5:What can we learn from the text?

A．Work with hands is thought to be shameful in some modern countries.

B．In all modern countries, free education has been fashionable.

C．A perfect nation can solve all the problems of society.

D．A professor is far more important than a farmer.

Many parents have learned the hard way that what sounds like open communication is often the very thing that closes a youngster’s ears and mouth. One common mistake is the Lecture, the long monologue that often starts with “When I was your age….” Eighteen-year-old Kelly calls lectures “l(fā)ong, one-side discussions in which I don’t say much.”
Kids reflexively（條件反射地） shut down in the face of a lecture. Their eyes glaze over, and they don’t register any incoming information. Listen to 13-year-old Sarah describe her least favorite times with her mom and dad. “First, they scream. Then comes the ‘We’re so disappointed’ speech. Then the ‘I never did that to my parents’ lecture begins. After that, even if they realize how ridiculous they sound, they never take it back.”
Lines like “When you have children of your own, you’ll understand” have been seriously said by parents since time immemorial. But many of our expert parents, like Bobby, a registered nurse and mother of three, feel that by falling back on clichés（陳詞濫調(diào)）to justify our actions, we weaken our position.
Since kids are creatures of here and now, the far-off future has no relevance to them. Therefore, good communicators like Bobby suggest, “Give specific reasons for your actions in present language: ‘I’m not letting you go to the party because I don’t think there will be enough adult supervisions（監(jiān)護(hù)）.’”
Betty, who lives in Missiouri, uses an indirect approach. “I find that warnings are accepted more readily if I discuss a news article on a subject I am concerned about. My husband and I talk about it while our children absorb the information. Then they never think I’m preaching(布道).”
This really helped when Betty’s kids began driving. Instead of constantly repeating “Don’t drink; don’t speed,” she would talk about articles in the paper and express sympathy for the victims of a car crash. Betty made no special effort to draw her kids into the conversation. She depended on a teenager’s strong desire to put in his opinions---especially if he thinks he isn’t being asked for them.
小題1:The purpose of the passage is to _________.

A．compare two ways of parents` communicating with their kids

B．explain why kids won’t listen to their parents

C．give parents advice on how to communicate with their kids

D．introduce kids` reaction to the communication between them and their parents

小題2:Which of the following statements is NOT right?

A．Kids won’t listen to their parents because they think what their parents say is boring.

B．Kids don’t like any discussion at all.

C．Some kids think their parents should apologize when they are wrong.

D．Many kids think they have no right to express their own opinions.

小題3: What does the underlined word in the first paragraph mean?

A．討論

B．對(duì)話

C．插話

D．獨(dú)白

小題4:Which of the following topic may appeal to kids?

A．Something related to kids’ present life

B．Kids possible life in the future

C．Parents` own experience

D．What parents have done to their own parents.

小題5:In order to make kids follow their advice, parents should______.

A．tell their kids to listen carefully

B．a(chǎn)rouse kids’ desire to express themselves.

C．list out as many examples as possible

D．set out their warnings directly

Summer school is something a kid will never forget. For some, it’s a way to advance past their classmates. For most, summer school is a requirement in order to graduate with their classmates. I can remember being forced into taking a summer school course. It was not the school that forced me into this awkward situation; it was my mother.
I was a 16-year-old kid in a new school. My school did not offer summer courses so I had to take my course at an alternative school in the city. It was an experience I will never forget. I was not concerned with making friends. I was there to get credit (學(xué)分) for a course that I should have received credit for the previous semester. It was my doing that landed me in the situation and it was important that I understood this.
The fees were lowest but the experience was amazing. I enjoyed. I didn’t miss the day. The course was from Monday to Friday for an entire month. I passed the course with an A. I was thrown into an awkward situation and actually enjoyed it. My friends didn’t even know I took the course. Most of them were still sleeping by the time my course ended each day.
Awkward situations are so important for personal growth. This situation made me feel more independent. I made friends. I finally understood what sacrifice and hard work were all about. While attending college, I remembered how much I enjoyed summer school and I chose to take summer school in my first three years of college. Some kids get pushed too much but some don’t get pushed enough. I was never pushed enough.
Enable your children to struggle for success. If your child needs summer school you explain to them why it’s important. Some parents are surprised by the situation and may want to be more involved in their children’s education. Follow through and follow up.
小題1:Most students go to the summer school in order to ______.

A．find good jobs after graduation	B．become top students in their class
C．have a chance to make more friends	D．graduate successfully on time

小題2:What made the author go to summer school for the first time?

A．What he had done .	B．His mother’s wish.
C．His own requirement.	D．Study competition.

小題3:Which of the following was NOT the benefit got by the author through attending summer school?

A．It helped him get rid of bad habits.

B．It helped him make new friends.

C．It helped him understand what sacrifice and hard work were.

D．It increased his independence.

小題4:From the last paragraph we can learn that the author ______.

A．does not like summer school at all even though it is useful

B．thinks summer school is unnecessary for children

C．encourages parents to make their children attend summer school

D．is against forcing children to attend summer school

小題5:What does the author think of summer school?

A．He thinks it is awkward.	B．He thinks it is significant.
C．He doesn’t think it is suitable.	D．He thinks nothing of it.