2009年高考書面表達(dá)分析指導(dǎo)(二)

 

第二篇 列要點(diǎn)

列要點(diǎn)是英語寫作中一個重要而不可忽視的環(huán)節(jié)。實(shí)踐中,不少學(xué)生因嫌麻煩,往往省去這一環(huán)節(jié),結(jié)果不是遺漏了要點(diǎn),就是要點(diǎn)重復(fù),以致影響了得分。這是非?上У。

高考書面表達(dá)的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中,“要點(diǎn)是否齊全”是重要的評分依據(jù)之一,F(xiàn)以一篇看圖作文為例分析如下:

例3:下面圖畫描述的是你的一段親身經(jīng)歷,請據(jù)此為一家中學(xué)生英文報(bào)的故事專欄寫一篇100詞左右的短文。

生詞幫助:十字路口crossroads;違章者 offender

解題步驟:

1. 審題:這是一則記事性記敘文。

2. 內(nèi)容要點(diǎn):

(1) 哥哥騎車帶我去電影院;

(2) 在十字路口被兩人攔住,其中一個說道“終于等到你們了”;

(3) 他們半小時(shí)以前因騎車帶人受罰;

(4) 警察罰他們抓住下一個違章帶人者;

(5) 于是我們照樣被罰繼續(xù)抓違章者。

3. 陳述要點(diǎn)的重點(diǎn)詞匯和短語:

(1) ride one bike, go to the cinema, ride a bike, sit on the back of the bike

(2) come/ get to the crossroads, be stopped by, wait for you for a long time

(3) be stopped by a policeman, half an hour before, as offenders

(4) make them catch the next offender

(5) have to do as they do

4. 要點(diǎn)擴(kuò)充成句:組織材料,篩選詞語,選定句型,時(shí)態(tài)使用以過去時(shí)為主。

(1) My brother and I rode one bike to go to the cinema./ My brother and I went to the cinema. My brother rode a bike and I sat on the back of the bike.

(2) We got to the crossroads. A young man and a young lady stopped us. The lady said,“We have waited for you for a long time.”

(3) They told us that they had been stopped by a policeman half an hour before as offenders.

(4) The policeman made them catch the next offender.

(5) We had to do as they had done.

5. 寫初稿:加上關(guān)聯(lián)詞和過渡句組成短文。

The other day my brother and I rode one bike to go to the cinema. (My brother and I went to the cinema. My brother rode a bike and I sat on the back of the bike.) As we came to the crossroads, a young man and a lady came up and stopped us. The lady said,“We have waited for you for a long time.”

They told us they had been stopped by a policeman half an hour before as offenders. So the policeman made them catch the next offender. They said to us happily,“It’s your turn to find the next offender.” We had to do as they had done. What a good lesson to us!

6. 修改定稿。

列要點(diǎn)時(shí),我們應(yīng)注意以下三點(diǎn):

(1) 重視每一個要點(diǎn),不要故意遺漏要點(diǎn)

實(shí)踐中,由于某些詞不會寫、某些句型不會用、某些結(jié)構(gòu)不會表達(dá),有些同學(xué)便自作聰明地故意遺漏要點(diǎn),這種做法顯然是不明智的,因?yàn)檫z漏要點(diǎn)扣的分遠(yuǎn)比錯一個詞扣的分多。正確的做法是:對于不會表達(dá)的難點(diǎn),設(shè)法找個同義詞代替或找個相似句型代替,即使不能百分之百地表達(dá)原義,表達(dá)百分之八十哪怕百分之五十也可以,總比故意遺漏要點(diǎn)而白白丟分要好很多。

(2) 分清主次,不要眉毛胡子一把抓

一般來說,對于要點(diǎn)式的題型,同學(xué)們不會有什么問題,但若遇到圖表類的題型,則可能麻煩一些,因?yàn)樗枰瑢W(xué)們根據(jù)圖表信息自己歸納要點(diǎn)。雖說遺漏要點(diǎn)導(dǎo)致文章內(nèi)容不完整會扣分,但并不是說圖表中的所有內(nèi)容都要表達(dá)出來。此時(shí)同學(xué)們一定要認(rèn)真審題,分清哪些是寫作的主要內(nèi)容,哪些是次要內(nèi)容,不要眉毛胡子―把抓。原則上說,只要抓住圖表所顯示的主要內(nèi)容,同時(shí)能做到文理通順、自圓其說,一般不會得低分。

(3) 抓直接要點(diǎn),但也不要忽視常識性要點(diǎn)

具體寫作時(shí),對卷面上的直接要點(diǎn)考生一般不會忽略,但試題中隱含的間接要點(diǎn)(尤其是一些常識性要點(diǎn))則往往容易忽略。應(yīng)該知道,試題中的某些常識性要點(diǎn)既是重要內(nèi)容,又起著承上啟下的作用,對增強(qiáng)文章的可讀性很有好處。同學(xué)們在平時(shí)的復(fù)習(xí)中可將常見的常識性要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分類,實(shí)際寫作時(shí)有針對性地選擇使用,如寫通知、書信、參觀歡迎詞時(shí)的開頭語和結(jié)束語。有的應(yīng)用文還需要固定的格式,如日記開頭常交待時(shí)間和天氣;信件要包括信頭、信內(nèi)地址、稱呼、正文和結(jié)束語,還要有謙稱和簽名。同學(xué)們寫作時(shí),應(yīng)有意識地去使用這些格式要點(diǎn),確保要點(diǎn)無一遺漏,從而“覆蓋所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)”,取得最高檔次的得分。

 

 

 

 

 


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