第7講
一、Language points
1. choose:選中,選出(結(jié)果)
choose from:從…中挑選
pick:挑選(小東西)
select:選擇(過程)
elect:選舉
vote:投票
2. be similar to
the same as
3. light lit, lit(后置定語、狀語、表語,完成時(shí),被動(dòng)態(tài))
lighted, lighted(前前態(tài)一夢otet
)
4. celebrate+sth
in celebration of/for the celebration of:為了慶!
congratulate+sb+on+sth
5. give away:離開,贈(zèng)送
keep away (from):使離開
break away (from):脫離
put away:存儲(chǔ)
do away with:處理掉
turn away:解雇
throw away:扔掉
6. honour vt. :尊敬,以…為榮
n. :尊敬,(pl)光榮,榮譽(yù)
in honor of:為了紀(jì)念…,尊敬
a sense of honour:廉恥心
show honor to sb:尊敬某人
7. pain (n.):指一般的疼痛;pains:還有“麻煩,努力”之意
ache (v.):指局部較持久的疼痛,是陷痛;
(n.)常見在復(fù)合詞中:headache,stomachace
hurt vt:傷害
vi:常指精神、感情傷害;也指肉體傷害。
8. a bit/a little:一點(diǎn)兒,在肯定句中修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞及其比較級(jí)
not a bit=not at all
not a little=very much
a bit of +n.(u)
a little
9. in a/one word:簡言之,總之
in other words:換句話說
in words:用語言,口頭上
word (u):消息,諾言
10. such as:用于列舉事物,且只列舉部分
for example/instance:用來舉例說明,不表列舉或等同
namely=that is (to say):即(列舉全部)
11. develop healthy habits:養(yǎng)成健康的習(xí)慣
develop an interest in sth:培養(yǎng)…的興趣
develop…into…:把…發(fā)展成為…
develop from…:從…進(jìn)化/發(fā)展起來
develop natural resources:開發(fā)自然資源
develop films:沖洗膠卷
12. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),表示經(jīng)常性或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作,句中常見的副詞有:forever, always, repeatedly, constantly, 也用every/each day/year; 這時(shí)往往表達(dá)一種感情色彩,如:不滿,厭煩,贊揚(yáng)等。
She is always helping others.
The problem is that 300 people are dying each day from illnesses caused by smoking.
二、語法專題──動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的考點(diǎn)
1. 試題的立意由簡單直接的“結(jié)構(gòu)立意”轉(zhuǎn)向了“情景立意”。試題創(chuàng)設(shè)的語境明確,交際情景多是以對話的形式出現(xiàn),并且大多數(shù)發(fā)生在學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)和日常生活中的真實(shí)情景。
2. 題干中的有效信息不再讓人一眼看穿,而是隱藏在字里行間,近幾年在這一類考題中,很少在情景中出現(xiàn)明顯的時(shí)間信息,如時(shí)間狀語等。
3. 解決時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)問題時(shí),可遵循如下解題思路:
(1)這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能發(fā)生在什么時(shí)間?題干中可參照的信息有哪些。
(2)動(dòng)作與主語的關(guān)系,是被動(dòng)還是主動(dòng)。
4. 四組容易混淆的時(shí)態(tài):
(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作結(jié)果對現(xiàn)在的影響,屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)的范疇;一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作所發(fā)生的時(shí)間是在過去,屬于過去時(shí)的范疇。因此,一般過去時(shí)需跟表示過境的時(shí)間連用或有表過去時(shí)間的上下文,而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。
(2)過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別:過去完成時(shí)表示以過去某時(shí)間為起點(diǎn)以前所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),即過去完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”;而一般過去時(shí)只表示以現(xiàn)在時(shí)間為起點(diǎn)以前所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。
(3)過去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法區(qū)別:兩種時(shí)態(tài)都常與一段時(shí)間和狀語連用,但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的是延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或同現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的動(dòng)作(句中不可有表示過去特定時(shí)間的狀語),而過去完成時(shí)表示的是在過去某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)完成或延續(xù)到過去某時(shí)的動(dòng)作(句中有表示過去特定時(shí)間的狀語)。
(4)將來完成時(shí)由“shall/will+have done”構(gòu)成,表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)到將來某一時(shí)刻,常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,并帶有一個(gè)表示將來某一時(shí)間的狀語或狀語從句,如:by the end of this month, by then, this time next week, by the time等;將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由“shall/will+have been doing”構(gòu)成,表示某個(gè)動(dòng)作在將來的某個(gè)時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)開始,并一直持續(xù)進(jìn)行著。
5. 關(guān)于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種特殊用法:
(1)主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng):表示感覺或變化的feel, look, smell, sound, taste, turn, prove, get等系動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義;動(dòng)詞let, blame的不定式作表語或定語時(shí),主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。
(2)由“get+過去分詞”構(gòu)成的被動(dòng)語態(tài):這種形式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)主要用于:①給自己做事(get dressed穿衣);②設(shè)法做到自己稱心的事(get elected當(dāng)選);③由于客觀原因遇到不盡如人意的事(get burned燒焦);④表示命令(get washed!去洗洗吧)。
(3)在表示“(某物)需要”的need, want, require等后的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。
(4)“據(jù)說類”的3個(gè)被動(dòng)句型:如果我們要想把話說的謹(jǐn)慎些,可以用下列被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu):①It is said that…;②There is said to be…;③sb/sth is said to…。能用于這類句型的動(dòng)詞還有believe, think, consider, suppose, hope, suggest, report, know, understand等。
6. 某些固定句式中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是固定的、約定俗成的:
(1)This/It is the first/second…time+that-clause: that從句一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),如果把前邊的is改為was, 則that從句用過去完成時(shí)。
(2)It is/has been+一段時(shí)間+since從句:since從句中一般用過去時(shí),如果將前邊的is改為was,則since從句中用過去完成時(shí)。
(3)be about to do…when…: 意為“即將…(這時(shí))突然…”。
(4)be(was/were)+doing…when…: 意為“正在干…(這時(shí))突然…”。
(5)Hardly/Scarcely had…done…when…; No sooner had…done…than…, when和than從句里用一般過去時(shí),表示“剛剛…就…”。
(6)It+be+一段時(shí)間+before從句:如果主句用將來時(shí),則從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來時(shí),意為多長時(shí)間以后即將發(fā)生某事;如果主句用過去時(shí),從句也用過去時(shí),意為多長時(shí)間后發(fā)生了某事。
綜合型單項(xiàng)填空已經(jīng)成為高考英語命題的一種趁勢。要求具備以下的幾個(gè)方面的知識(shí)的能力:
三、題型歸納──綜合型單項(xiàng)填空
1.交際能力:在交談中,我們必須了解并掌握各種不同交際功能的語言形式,才能正確理解說話者的心理,選出正確答案。
2. 對語境的理解能力:我們在弄清說話者的字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上,還必須能夠深層理解,看出言外之意,作出正確選擇。
3. 扎實(shí)的詞匯知識(shí):一方面必須能正確辨別詞匯的意義及感情色彩;另一方面必須掌握詞匯的正確搭配及習(xí)慣或固定結(jié)構(gòu)。
4. 牢固的語法知識(shí):我們必須掌握牢固的英語語言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),對各種語言現(xiàn)象能用所學(xué)的知識(shí)進(jìn)行科學(xué)的解釋。
1. ----What about____ passage?
----It’s too difficult____ passage for me.
A. a, a B. a, the C. the, a D. the, the
2. ----How is your grandmother? ----She____ for many years.
A. died B. has died C. has been died D. has been dead
3. ----Why is the boy crying there? ----Because____ his father.
A. being scolded by B. scolding
C. of scolding D. of being scolded by
4. ----What do you think make Jenny unhappy and worried?
----____ her new PC.
A. Because she lost B. Lost
C. As a result of losing D. Losing
5. ----Could I borrow your motor bike? ----Yes, of course, you____.
A. might B. could C. can D. should
6. ----Can I help you, sir?
----Yes. I bought this radio her yesterday, but it____.
A. didn’t B. won’t work C. can’t work D. doesn’t work
7. I like____ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
A. this B. that C. it D. one
8. ----You haven’t been to
----____. How I wish to go there!
A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I haven’t
C. No, I have D. No, I haven’t
9. ----Your phone number again? I____ quite catch it.
----It’s 9568442.
A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t
10. ----Will $200____?
----I’m afraid not. We need at least 50 more dollars.
A. count B. satisfy C. fit D. do
11. He came home after midnight, and____, he got drunk.
A. worse still B. that means
C. what’s the matter D. what else
12. You can, ____, come to join us in the singing programme.
A. if you happy B. when you possible
C. if you please D. when you necessary
13. Mr Smith, ____ of the____ speech, started to read a novel.
A. tired, boring B. tiring, bored
C. was tired, bored D. was tiring, boring
14. I have a lot of books, half of____ novels.
A. which B. that C. whom D. them
1-5 CDDDC 6-10 DCDAD 11-14 ACAD
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