Not everyone in the world requires the same amount of living space. The amount of space a person needs around him is a cultural (文化的) difference, not an economic one. Knowing your own psychological (心理的) space needs is important because they strongly affect your choices, including, for example, the number of bedrooms in the home. If you were brought up in a two-child family and both you and your sister or brother had your own bedrooms, the chances are if you have two children or more, that you also will offer separate bedrooms for them. In America, for example, they train people to want to have their own rooms by giving them their own rooms when they are babies. This is very unusual in the world. In many other countries, the baby sleeps in the same bed with his parents or in bed near them.

　　 The space in the home also shows a lot about psychological space needs. Some families gather closer to each other and the size of their house has nothing to do with it. Others have separate little corners where family members go to be alone.

　　 Although it is true that psychological space needs are not decided by economic reasons, they sometimes have to be changed a little because of economic pressure（壓力）. It is almost impossible, however, to completely change your psychological space needs.

　1.The first sentence in Paragraph 1 “Not everyone in the world requires the same amount          of space” means “______”.

　　 A. Not two people need exactly the same amount of living space

　　 B. Living space requirements are not always the same

　　 C. The world requires the same amount of living space

　　 D. Nobody needs a required amount of living space

2.Some families gather closer to each other at home than others because ______.

　　 A. they have limited living space　　　

　　 B. they are brought up in a large family

　　 C. it satisfies（滿足） their psychological space needs

　　 D. the children in the family sleep in the same bed with their parents

3.Which of the following is true according to the passage?

　　 A. Americans are trained to live in the large rooms at birth.

　　 B. Economic situation decides one's amount of space needs.

　　 C. People in different countries demand(need) different psychological space.

　　 D. Knowing your psychological space needs is important, as it has effect on your future.

4.The best title for this passage is ______.

　　 A. American Way of Living

　　 B. Psychological Space

　　 C. Space Needs in Different Countries

　　 D. Psychological Space and Economic Pressure

The easy way out isn’t always easiest. I learned that lesson when I decided to treat Doug, my husband of one month, to a special meal. I glanced through my cookbook and chose a menu which included homemade bread. Knowing the bread would take time, I started on it as soon as Doug left for work. As I was not experienced in cooking, I thought if a dozen was good, two dozen would be better, so I doubled everything. As Doug loved oranges, I also opened a can of orange and poured it all into the bowl. Soon there was a sticky dough (面團) covered with ugly yellowish marks. Realizing I had been defeated, I put the dough in the rubbish bin outside so I wouldn't have to face Doug laughing at my work, I went on preparing the rest of the meal, and, when Doug got home, we sat down to Cornish chicken with rice. He tried to enjoy the meal but seemed disturbed. Twice he got up and went outside, saying he thought he heard a noise. The third time he left, I went to the windows to see what he was doing. Looking out, I saw Doug standing about three feet from the rubbish bin, holding the lid up with a stick and looking into the container. When I came out of the house, he dropped the stick and explained that there was something alive in our rubbish bin. Picking up the stick again, he held the lid up enough for me to see. I felt cold. But I stepped closer and looked harder. Without doubt it was my work. The hot sun had caused the dough to double in size and the fermenting yeast (酵母) made the surface shake and sigh as though it were breathing. I had to admit what the ‘living thing’ was and why it was there. I don’t know who was more embarrassed by the whole thing, Doug or me.　　

1.The writer’s purpose in writing this story is ________.

　　A. to tell an interesting experience

　　B. to show the easiest way out of a difficulty

　　C. to describe the trouble facing a newly married woman

　　D. to explain the difficulty of learning to cook from books

2.Why did the woman’s attempt at making the bread turn out to be unsuccessful?

　　A. The canned orange had gone bad.

　　B. She didn’t use the right kind of flour.

　　C. The cookbook was hard to understand.

　　D. She did not follow the directions closely.

3.Why did the woman put the dough in the rubbish bin?

　　A. She didn’t see the use of keeping it

　　B. She meant to joke with her husband.

　　C. She didn’t want her husband to see it.

　　D. She hoped it would soon dry in the sun.

4.What made the dough in the rubbish bin look frightening?

　　A. The rising and falling movement.

　　B. The strange-looking marks.

　　C. Its shape.

　　D. Its size.

5.When Doug went out the third time, the woman looked out of the window because she was  ________.

　　A. surprised at his being interested in the bin

　　B. afraid that he would discover her secret

　　C. unhappy that he didn't enjoy the meal

　　D. curious to know what disturbed him

Most forest fires are caused by human carelessness, negligence, or ignorance. Forest fire prevention, therefore, is mainly a problem of creating a better understanding of the importance of forests, an awareness of the danger of fire in the woods, and a sense of personal responsibility to safeguard the forests from danger. This is not an easy job. A city dweller, used to paved street, does not easily change his smoking habits when he goes into the woods.

Careless smokers are responsible for thousands of forest fires each year. Many of these are started when cigarette butts and matches are tossed from automobiles. Others are caused by hunters, hikers, fishermen, or woods workers who are careless in disposing of their smoking material. The Forest Service has posted rules in many of the National Forests that prohibit smoking except in certain designated areas. Many of the states have laws against throwing lighted materials from automobiles. The prevention of smoker-caused fires, however, depends upon changing the attitudes and behavior of millions of people who smoke in hazardous area.

The most important natural cause of fire is lightning. This accounts for 11 percent of forest fires on protected land for the entire nation. In the western states, lightning causes a much higher percentage of fire than it does in the east.

Advances in knowledge of fire weather are helping forest protection forces to know when to be alert for lightning-caused fires. Adequate and well-equipped forces can control them quickly and hold the damage to a minimum. Experiments in “seeding” thunder clouds to prevent or control the lightning itself have been in process for many years, but new breakthroughs are needed for any significant reduction in the lightning starts.

　　 1. The passage is chiefly about

　　　　 A. smoking in forests

　　　　 B. the chief cause of forest fire and their prevention

　　　　 C. changing the attitudes and behavior of millions of people

　　　　 D. advances in knowledge of fire weather

　　 2. Preventing smoker-caused forest fires is mainly a problem of——.

　　　　 A. building the proper knowledge and habits in human beings

　　　　 B. safeguarding the forest from fire

　　　　 C. posting rules in forests

　　　　 D. holding the damage to minimum　　　　　　　　   　　

　　 3. Lightning-caused fires can be controlled quickly by——.

　　　　 A. hunters and woods workers　　　　　　   B. responsible smokers

　　　　 C. adequate and well-equipped forces　　　　 D changing people's habits

　　 4. Which of the following statements is not true?

　　　　 A. The chief causes of forest fires are human carelessness, negligence, or ignorance.

　　　　 B. Lightning, the important natural cause of forest fire, can be prevented or controlled by men.

　　　　 C.  Quite a few states in America have laws against throwing lighted materials from automobiles.

　　　　 D. “Seeding” thunder clouds are a good way to prevent forest fire.

“Can I see my baby?” the happy new mother asked. When the baby was placed in her arms and she was 　1 . The baby had been born without ears.

Time 　2 that the baby’s hearing was perfect. It was only his 　3 that was damaged. When he rushed home from school one day and 　4 himself into his mother’s arms, she sighed, 　5 that he would have many heartbreaks in his life.

He grew up and became a 　6 with his classmates. He might 　7 have been class president, but for that. The boy’s father 　8 with the family physician in secret. “Could 　9 be done?” the father asked. “I believed I could 　10 on a pair of outer ears, if they could be got,” the doctor answered. So the 　11 began for a person who would make such a 　12 for a young man.

Two years went by. Then the father said, “You are going to the hospital, son. Mother and I have someone who will give the ears you need. 　13 it’s a secret,” said the father. The operation was very 　14 , and a new person appeared. “But I must know!” he urged his father. “Who 　15 so much for me? I could never do enough for him.” “I do not believe you could.” said the father.

The secret was 　16 for years till he stood with his father over his mother’s coffin. Slowly and 　17 , his father raised his mother’s thick brown hair to 　18 that his mother had no outer ears. “Mother said she was 　19 she never let her hair be cut,” he whispered gently, “and nobody ever thought she was less 　20 , did they?”

1．A．angry　　　　 B．disappointed C．surprised　 D．curious

2．A．proved　　　 B．seemed　　　 C．told　　　　 D．saw

3．A．figure　　　 B．face　　　　 C．ear　　　　 D．appearance

4．A．got　　　　　 B．put　　　　 C．sent　　　　 D．took

5．A．knowing　　　 B．guessing　　 C．doubting　　 D．wondering

6．A．enemy　　　　 B．stranger　　 C．favorite　　 D．friend

7．A．ever　　　　 B．also　　　　 C．even　　　　 D．still

8．A．asked　　　　 B．spoke　　　 C．chatted　　 D．said

9．A．something　　 B．everything　 C．anything　　 D．nothing

10．A．transplant　 B．operate　　 C．set　　　　 D．fix

11．A．operation　 B．search　　　 C．interview　 D．examination

12．A．devotion　　 B．effort　　　 C．sacrifice　 D．contribution

13．A．Therefore　 B．But　　　　 C．Though　　　 D．Otherwise

14．A．normal　　　 B．useful　　　 C．difficult　 D．successful

15．A．changed　　 B．worked　　　 C．gave　　　　 D．did

16．A．discussed　 B．hidden　　　 C．spread　　　 D．kept

17．A．carefully　 B．sadly　　　 C．excitedly　 D．tenderly

18．A．see　　　　 B．find　　　　 C．show　　　　 D．tell

19．A．proud　　　 B．glad　　　　 C．worried　　 D．regretful

20．A．beautiful　 B．ugly　　　　 C．respectable D．fashionable

One of the major reasons the reef is so fascinating to scientists and tourists is its infinite variety. They come in various shapes and sizes, ranging from more than a few thousand meters in area to over one hundred and twenty square kilometers. Some of the very outer reefs are up to expose themselves while others remain fully submerged. The beauty of the reefs can only be truly appreciated from an aerial view.

About two thousand eight hundred species of fish are known to live in the reef region. It could take many years for scientists to come up with a complete list of all the plants and animals found on any one reef. Many species are still to be identified and named, showing a staggering diversity of life.

Coral reefs start out small and grow about half an inch a year. If undisturbed by man, however, they can grow to be quite big. The Great Barrier Reef off the northeast coast of Australia is one good example! Reefs grow best in sunny, shallow, clear water. They rarely grow deeper than forty meters and they prefer salt water. The appropriate temperatures and salinities are most often found in the tropics.

Coral reefs are important because they provide protection and shelter for many different species of fish. Without coral reefs, these fish are left homeless with nowhere to live or to have their babies. Not only do these fish increase the diversity of our world but also reef fish and mollusks feed between thirty and forty million people every year. They also make beautiful pets and the money made by catching and selling these animals provides many people with an income to feed their families.

Coral are also very important in controlling how much carbon dioxide is in the ocean. Without coral, the amount of carbon dioxide in the water would rise drastically and that would affect all living things on Earth.

Lastly, coral reefs are very important because they protect the coasts from strong currents and waves by slowing down the water before it gets to the shore. That is why they are called barrier reefs. They provide a barrier between the ocean and the shore.　

1. The vehicles one must take to be able to see the full extent of the reefs might be _______________________.

2. From the passage, write the phrase that means that there are a great variety of plants and animals in the ocean. ____________________________

3. Why do you think reefs require clear and shallow water to grow?

They require clear and shallow water so that __________________________.

4. Explain why the coral reefs are also called barrier reefs.

______________________________________________________________________________.